Development of a Reference Transcriptome and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Linked to Salt Stress in Salt Marsh Grass () along Delaware Coastal Regions.

Salt marsh grass () plays a crucial role in Delaware coastal regions by serving as a physical barrier between land and water along the inland bays and beaches. This vegetation helps to stabilize the shoreline and prevent erosion, protecting the land from the powerful forces of the waves and tides. In addition to providing a physical barrier, salt marsh grass is responsible for filtering nutrients in the water, offering an environment for aquatic species and presenting a focal point of study for high salt tolerance in plants.

Tools and Techniques to Accelerate Crop Breeding.

As climate changes and a growing global population continue to escalate the need for greater production capabilities of food crops, technological advances in agricultural and crop research will remain a necessity. While great advances in crop improvement over the past century have contributed to massive increases in yield, classic breeding schemes lack the rate of genetic gain needed to meet future demands. In the past decade, new breeding techniques and tools have been developed to aid in crop improvement.

Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Common Bean ( L.) Seeds Reveal Shared and Unique Proteins Involved in Terminal Drought Stress Response in Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes.

This study identified proteomic changes in the seeds of two tolerant (SB-DT3 and SB-DT2) and two sensitive (Merlot and Stampede) common bean genotypes in response to terminal drought stress. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were abundant in the susceptible genotype compared to the tolerant line. DEPs associated with starch biosynthesis, protein-chromophore linkage, and photosynthesis were identified in both genotypes, while a few DEPs and enriched biological pathways exhibited genotype-specific differences.

Microplastics and their interactions with microbiota.

As a new pollutant, Microplastics (MPs) are globally known for their negative impacts on different ecosystems and living organisms. MPs are easily taken up by the ecosystem in a variety of organisms due to their small size, and cause immunological, neurological, and respiratory diseases in the impacted organism. Moreover, in the impacted environments, MPs can release toxic additives and act as a vector and scaffold for colonization and transportation of specific microbes and lead to imbalances in microbiota and the biogeochemical and nutrients dynamic.

Investigating the Relationship between Nitrate, Total Dissolved Nitrogen, and Phosphate with Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrios and Harmful Algal Blooms in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware.

spp. and phytoplankton are naturally abundant in marine environments. Recent studies have suggested that the co-occurrence of phytoplankton and the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is due to shared ecological factors, such as nutrient requirements.

Uptake and Presence Evaluation of Nanoparticles in L. by Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Techniques.

The aim of this work was to study the applicability of infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning techniques to evaluate the uptake and distribution of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in L. (chickpea). Obtained spectral data revealed that the uptake of AuNPs and CNTs by the seedlings' root resulted in the accumulation of AuNPs and CNTs at stem and leaf parts, which consequently led to the heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles.

CRISPR-Cas technology a new era in genomic engineering.

The CRISPR-Cas systems have offered a flexible, easy-to-use platform to precisely modify and control the genomes of organisms in various fields, ranging from agricultural biotechnology to therapeutics. This system is extensively used in the study of infectious, progressive, and life-threatening genetic diseases for the improvement of quality and quantity of major crops and in the development of sustainable methods for the generation of biofuels. As CRISPR-Cas technology continues to evolve, it is becoming more controllable and precise with the addition of molecular regulators, which will provide benefits for everyone and save many lives.

Presence and Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals in Tidal Marsh Wetland Soils.

Marsh grasses have been used as efficient tools for phytoremediation and are known to play key roles in maintaining ecosystem functions by reducing the contamination of coastlines. This study was initiated to understand how human activities in wetlands can impact ion-heavy metal concentrations in relation to native and invasive marsh grasses. The study site, Blackbird Creek (BBC) is a tidal wetland that experiences agricultural, fishing, recreational, residential and other anthropogenic activities throughout the year.

The utility of foetal splenic artery Doppler measurement in the diagnosis of late-onset foetal growth restriction.

We aimed to examine the contribution of splenic artery (SA) Doppler parameters in the detection of foetuses with late-onset foetal growth restriction (LO-FGR) and to evaluate its power in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. Within the study's scope, 52 cases in the LO-FGR group and 92 cases in the control group were evaluated. The criteria determined in the Delphi procedure by an international consensus were used to define the LO-FGR.

Interactive effects of light, CO2 and temperature on growth and resource partitioning by the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum.

There is little information on the impacts of climate change on resource partitioning for mixotrophic phytoplankton. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that light interacts with temperature and CO2 to affect changes in growth and cellular carbon and nitrogen content of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum, with increasing cellular carbon and nitrogen content under low light conditions and increased growth under high light conditions. Using a multifactorial design, the interactive effects of light, temperature and CO2 were investigated on K.

Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environment and Human Health.

Totaling at 7.4 billion people, the world's population is rapidly growing, bringing along with it an increase in waste generation. The impact of this exponential increase in waste generation has resulted in the increased formation and utilization of landfills.

Does taurolidine have any effect on liver regeneration and oxidation in the experimental hepatectomy model?

Objectives: Taurolidine is a bicyclic molecule produced by the natural amino acid taurine. Antibacterial, antiendotoxic and cytoprotective effects of taurolidine have been shown experimentally. Data on the effects of taurolidine on oxidative stress and hepatic regeneration are limited.

Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains.

This study identified Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and seawater samples collected from Delaware Bay from June through October of 2016. Environmental parameters including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a were measured per sampling event. Oysters homogenate and seawater samples were 10-fold serially diluted and directly plated on CHROMagarᵀᴹ Vibrio medium.

Seasonal and Geographical Differences in Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Seawater and Oysters from the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays Determined Using Several Methods.

Oyster and seawater samples were collected from five sites in the Chesapeake Bay, MD, and three sites in the Delaware Bay, DE, from May to October 2016 and 2017. Abundances and detection frequencies for total and pathogenic and were compared using the standard most-probable-number-PCR (MPN-PCR) assay and a direct-plating (DP) method on CHROMagar Vibrio for total ( ) and pathogenic ( and ) genes and total () and pathogenic () genes. The colony overlay procedure for peptidases (COPP) assay was evaluated for total DP had high false-negative rates (14 to 77%) for most PCR targets and was deemed unsatisfactory.

Bacteriophages Against Pathogenic Vibrios in Delaware Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) During a Period of High Levels of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from three locations along the Delaware Bay were surveyed monthly from May to October 2017 for levels of total Vibrio parahaemolyticus, pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, and for strain-specific bacteriophages against vibrios (vibriophages). The objectives were to determine (a) whether vibriophages against known strains or serotypes of clinical and environmental vibrios were detectable in oysters from the Delaware Bay and (b) whether vibriophage presence or absence corresponded with Vibrio abundances in oysters.

Adhesive bond performance of heat-treated wood at various conditions.

Heat treatment of wood leads to chemical, structural and physical changes in wood constituents, which can significantly affect the bonding performance of wood in several ways depending on the adhesive type used. In the present study, fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.

Hepatic apoptotic markers are not predictors for the virological response to interferon-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. The majority of cases involving HCV infection develop into chronic hepatitis because of a failure to develop an effective immune response. Apoptosis of the hepatocytes plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection: the interaction between the Fas antigen on hepatocytes and the Fas ligand on T cells corresponds to the main mechanism for hepatocyte damage.

Effects of High-Hydrostatic Pressure on Inactivation of Human Norovirus and Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Oysters.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) in oysters and to evaluate organoleptic characteristics of oysters treated at pressure levels required for HuNoV inactivation. Genogroup I.1 (GI.

Evaluation of panoramic radiographs taken from 1,056 Turkish children.

Objective: Panoramic radiographs (PRs) play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of a wide range of dental and maxillofacial diseases and conditions. To examine and to determine the status of oral lesions, dental anomalies and pathologies in panoramic radiographs, which were taken at the department of pediatric dentistry, Dental School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study consists of 1,056 randomly selected PRs of children aged from 4 to 12 years old, conducted at the department of pediatric dentistry at Dental School, Marmara University, between 5 th December 2011 and 17 th January 2012.

Apical Sealing Ability of a Novel Material: Analysis by Fluid Filtration Technique.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the sealing ability of Biodentine(TM), which is new calcium-silicate based dental cement and has endodontic indications similar to those of MTA.

Methods: The study sample consists of 21extracted human mandibular anterior teeth. The teeth were submitted to root-end preparation and instrumented up to file #40 by step back technique and randomly divided into 3 study groups (n=7): White MTA Angelus(TM) (Angelus, Angelus Odontológica, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Biodentine(TM) (Septodont, SeptodontSpecialités, Saint-MaurdesFosses, France) and the controls.

Shear wave elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in children.

Background: Shear-wave elastography (SWE) is a novel noninvasive method that involves application of local mechanical compression on soft tissue using focused ultrasonography and acquiring strain images that show tissue response. In this study, our goal was to assess the performance of SWE in the staging of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease.

Methods: The study involved measuring SWE values in the right lobe of the liver in a patient group of 76 children with chronic liver disease and a control group of 50 healthy subjects.

Evaluation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI and ApaI) in a family with dentinogenesis imperfecta.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta Type II (DGI-II) is a condition inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by abnormal dentine structure affecting both the primary and secondary dentitions. The genetic etiology of the disease still remains unclear, suggesting a genetically heterogeneous background. The aim of this study is to manifest briefly DGI-II and to investigate the association between BsmI, TaqI and FokI polymorphisms of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and dentinogenesis imperfecta type II in a Turkish family by PCR-RFLP methodology.

Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: To investigate the frequency of dental injuries in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with children of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league.