Mapping evidence on barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries in Africa: A scoping review.

Objectives: To map the evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries in Africa.

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases are increasing among people living with HIV. Thus, strengthened and sustained diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases through integrated noncommunicable diseases and HIV care is needed to improve patient outcomes.

Lived experiences of people living with HIV and hypertension or diabetes access to care in Ethiopia: a phenomenological study.

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to develop hypertension and diabetes than people without HIV. Previous studies have shown that HIV stigma, discrimination and exclusion make it difficult for PLWH to access care for hypertension and diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of PLWH with comorbid hypertension or diabetes to access hypertension and diabetes care in southern Ethiopia.

Facilitators and barriers to integration of noncommunicable diseases with HIV care at primary health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative analysis using CFIR.

Background: The rise in non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as hypertension and diabetes among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), has increased the demand for integrated care due to multiple chronic care needs. However, there is a dearth of evidence on contextual factors implementing integrated hypertension and diabetes care with HIV care. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers that could affect the integration of hypertension and diabetes with HIV care at primary health care in Ethiopia.

Sustainability of integrated hypertension and diabetes with HIV care for people living with HIV at primary health care in South Ethiopia: implication for integration.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have an increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compared with people without HIV. The multimorbidity of NCDs and HIV increases the need for integrated care. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the implementation of integrated sustained hypertension and diabetes with HIV care to address the multiple chronic care needs of PLWH in Ethiopia.

A comparative analysis of the profile and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients managed at the community and primary health care facilities in Botswana.

Background: Successful treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) is necessary for mitigating and averting millions of deaths annually. This study compared the profiles and measured the association between patients, health system-related factors, and TB treatment outcomes of patients managed through the community tuberculosis care model with those managed in primary health care settings.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in six districts in Botswana.

Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows people living with HIV (PLWH) to live longer. Consequently, non communicable diseases (NCD) have emerged as the main drivers of ill health, disability, and premature death. This study assessed the magnitude of hypertension and diabetes and risk factors among PLWH receiving ART in Ethiopia.

Performance of quality improvement teams and associated factors in selected regional referral hospitals in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: quality improvement teams facilitate improvement in the performance of the health facilities and simultaneously improving the quality of health services. There is scanty information on the factors associated with performance of quality improvement teams. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of members of the quality improvement teams on the factors influencing the performance of quality improvement teams in regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.

Prevalence and determinants of self referrals to a District-Regional Hospital in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: a cross sectional study.

Introduction: Self-referrals to inappropriate levels of care result in an increased patient waiting time, overburdening of higher levels of care, reduced primary healthcare utilisation rate and increasing healthcare costs. Furthermore, self-referral places an additional encumbrance on various levels of care as allocation of resources and infrastructure cannot be accurately planned, based on the facility catchment population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of patient self-referral at the out-patient department of Stanger Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal between January and June 2017.

Retention of children under 18 months testing HIV positive in care in Swaziland: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Significant progress has been made with respect to the initiation of children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Southern Africa including Swaziland, however retention of these children in care poses a major challenge. The aim of the study was to assess retention to care in children testing HIV positive taking into account the number of return child welfare care (CWC) visits the child made.

Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study and was conducted at 4 facilities in Swaziland.

Development and implementation of an integrated chronic disease model in South Africa: lessons in the management of change through improving the quality of clinical practice.

Background: South Africa is facing a complex burden of disease arising from a combination of chronic infectious illness and non-communicable diseases. As the burden of chronic diseases (communicable and non-communicable) increases, providing affordable and effective care to the increasing numbers of chronic patients will be an immense challenge.

Methods: The framework recommended by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom for the development and evaluation of complex health interventions was used to conceptualise the intervention.

An integrated chronic disease management model: a diagonal approach to health system strengthening in South Africa.

The integrated chronic disease management model provides a systematic framework for creating a fundamental change in the orientation of the health system. This model adopts a diagonal approach to health system strengthening by establishing a service-linked base to training, supervision, and the opportunity to try out, assess, and implement integrated interventions.