Comparative analysis of 2-D versus 3-D ultrasound estimation of the fetal adrenal gland volume and prediction of preterm birth.

Objective: We aim to test the hypothesis that two-dimensional (2-D) fetal adrenal gland volume (AGV) measurements offer similar volume estimates as volume calculations based on 3-D technique.

Methods: Fetal AGV was estimated by three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (VOCAL) in 93 women with signs/symptoms of preterm labor and 73 controls. Fetal AGV was calculated using an ellipsoid formula derived from 2-D measurements of the same blocks (0.

Ultrasound measurement of fetal adrenal gland enlargement: an accurate predictor of preterm birth.

Objective: The objective of the study was to test whether ultrasound-measured fetal adrenal gland volume (AGV) and fetal zone enlargement (FZE) predicts preterm birth (PTB) better than cervical length (CL).

Study Design: Three-dimensional and 2-dimensional ultrasound were used prospectively to measure fetal AGV, FZE, and CL in women with preterm labor symptoms. We corrected AGV for fetal weight (cAGV).

Vulvar syringoma, report of a case and review of the literature.

Syringomas are common intraepidermal sweat gland tumors most often found in women around the time of adolescence. Frequent sites of involvement include the lower eyelids and malar areas, however vulvar involvement is relatively rare. These lesions often present as small, multiple, skin-colored-to-yellowish papules and are often associated with increased vulvar discomfort and itching.