Intraorbital Fixation Midface Lift.

Background: Subperiosteal midface lift provides a comprehensive solution to the soft tissue component of midfacial aging. However, midfacial aging also has a skeletal component that is rarely addressed with conventional mid-facelift techniques. Moreover, many of the adverse outcomes after a mid-facelift are closely related to failures and limitations of mid-face fixation.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Early Relapse After Facelift.

Background: Early relapse is an adverse outcome of facelift surgery. The rate of early relapse is an indirect measure of the longevity and efficacy of facelift techniques. However, early relapse after facelift is ill-defined, under-evaluated, and under-reported, and literature data on the subject are dispersed.

Sub-SMAS Reconstruction of Retaining Ligaments.

Background: Retaining ligaments must be fully released for effective soft-tissue mobilization during sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) facelifts. Standard deep temporal fascia and lateral SMAS fixation techniques may fail earlier than anticipated, which may cause a relapse of facial aging signs. Reconstruction of retaining ligaments was previously proposed to enhance facelift fixation.

A supportive donor nerve for long-term facial paralysis: Anatomical analysis of the posterior auricular nerve and micro-anatomical comparison with zygomatic nerve.

Background: The posterior auricular nerve (PAN) is an inspiring candidate for the additional axonal source in long-term facial paralysis to improve the functional results of the cross-facial nerve (FN) graft technique. However, no studies have analyzed the PAN's axonal load and its microscopic anatomy to assess its utilization in facial reanimation. The present study aims to examine the anatomical and microscopic features of the PAN to analyze its feasibility as a donor nerve.

Airflow Considerations and the Effect of Webster's Triangle in Reduction Rhinoplasty.

Background: Reduction rhinoplasties, regardless of the methods used (structural or preservation), can cause a reduction in the internal nasal volume, which may lead to breathing problems. In 1977, Webster proposed preserving a little triangle in the beginning of the lower lateral osteotomy line to prevent breathing problem. However, its importance is still controversial.

Posterior Cephalic Soft Triangle of the Nose: Surgical Implications.

Background: The posterior cephalic soft triangle is formed between the posterior cephalic border of the lower lateral cartilage, posterior caudal border of the upper lateral cartilage, and the caudal edge of the nasal bone. PCST is an important component of the external nasal valve which provides resistance against dynamic collapse.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy of the PCST and to demonstrate its anatomic variations, dynamic interplays, and surgical implications.

A New Experimental Lymphedema Model: Reevaluating the Efficacy of Rat Models and Their Clinical Translation for Chronic Lymphedema Studies.

Background: Our aim was to create a new rodent hind limb lymphedema model lacking the fibrosis effect induced by radiotherapy and subjected to the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis via sirolimus (rapamycin) to maintain a chronic lymphedema model and investigate its reliability for human treatment modalities.

Methods: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups: (1) surgery control, (2) vehicle-surgery control, (3) vehicle control, (4) rapamycin control, (5) surgery with 1 mg/kg per day rapamycin, (6) surgery with 1.5 mg/kg per day rapamycin, and (7) surgery with 2 mg/kg per day rapamycin.

Oberg-Manske-Tonkin Classification of Congenital Upper Extremity Anomalies: The First Report From Turkey.

Purpose: Although the Oberg-Manske-Tonkin (OMT) classification has been recommended by the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand owing to some insufficiencies of the Swanson classification system, it has not achieved a universal adoption by hand surgeons. In this study, we hypothesize that the OMT classification can be used easily to classify congenital upper extremity anomalies. We also aim to make epidemiological analysis of congenital upper extremity anomalies with the OMT classification and to compare the applicability of the OMT and the Swanson classifications.

Sub-SMAS Transposition of the Buccal Fat Pad.

Background: Regardless of the technique chosen to treat the aging midface, the isolated lateral approach facelift has a limited impact on the midface volume deficit. In an effort to overcome this limitation, modern facial rejuvenation procedures incorporate an additional modality for replenishing the midface volume. Some of the author's facelift patients present with bulging buccal fat pads despite volume deficiency in the inframalar region.

A New Technique for Robust Stabilization in the Keystone Area during Extracorporeal Septorhinoplasty.

Although extracorporeal septorhinoplasty is the most powerful technique for correcting deviated and leaning noses, many investigators have abandoned it because of keystone problems. The authors defined a new neoseptum fixation technique and used it in 10 patients in 2016. Preoperative and postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and peak nasal inspiratory flow measurement, and septal indexes of the patients were compared.

Comparison of Musculocutaneous and Fasciocutaneous Free Flaps for the Reconstruction of the Extensive Composite Scalp and Cranium Defects.

Composite scalp and cranium defects, which require microsurgical reconstruction, result from tumor resection, radiation, trauma, severe burn injuries, and rarely vasculitic disorders. In the current study, the authors aim to compare the outcomes of the fasciocutaneous flaps and musculocutaneous free flaps used for the reconstruction of extensive composite scalp and cranium defects. From 2010 to 2017, 21 patients who underwent composite scalp and cranium defect reconstruction with a free flap were retrospectively identified.

Varenicline increases random flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.

Smoking is a leading cause of flap failure. Varenicline-assisted smoking cessation has shown beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function. The aim of this study was to determine whether varenicline conveys beneficial effects for skin flap survival.

The Composite Spreader Flap.

Background: The effect of a spreader flap on the keystone area and the upper bony vault depends on the structural strength and cephalic extent of upper lateral cartilages, both of which can be significantly variable among individuals.

Objectives: The authors present a novel cephalically extended osseocartilaginous composite spreader flap technique that was designed to overcome the limitations of a conventional spreader flap on the keystone area upper bony vault, in patients with cephalically short and structurally weak upper lateral cartilages and thin nasal bones.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the recorded perioperative information to investigate the frequency of the use of the composite spreader flap technique and perioperative parameters that relate to postoperative dorsal deformities.

Combined Nasal Osteotomies With Caudal Transverse Osteotomy and Their Effect on Dorsal Geometry.

Background: Congenital, traumatic, or developmental bony vault deformities may require additional interventions rather than classical osteotomies to correct the surface structure or angulations of the nasal bones in rhinoplasty.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the additional osteotomies applied for the correction of the nasal vault asymmetries retrospectively.

Methods: Twenty-one patients among 512 primary rhinoplasty cases between 2011 and 2016 with bony vault asymmetries were included in the study.

Scroll Reconstruction: Fine Tuning of the Interface Between Middle and Lower Thirds in Rhinoplasty.

Background: The junction between upper and lower lateral cartilages, known as "the scroll area," is an important determinant of the spatial relationship between the middle and lower nasal thirds.

Objectives: We offer a graduated and reproducible surgical technique of scroll area management that takes into consideration anatomic, functional, and aesthetic relationships.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the recorded intraoperative information to investigate the frequency of the use of scroll reconstruction techniques and perioperative parameters that relate to unintended component alterations in the scroll area.

Groin and thigh reconstructions with pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps.

Background/aim: Resection of tumors from the groin and thigh regions with safe margins often results in significant soft tissue defects, which preclude primary closure. This study presents a series of rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps for irradiated thigh and groin wounds with the purpose of evaluating the efficacy and outcomes of these flaps in this population.

Materials And Methods: From 2008 to 2015, all patients who underwent resection of thigh or groin region tumors and reconstruction with an inferiorly based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap were retrospectively identified.

Microvascular Tissue Transfers for Midfacial and Anterior Cranial Base Reconstruction.

Reconstruction of a midfacial defect can represent a difficult challenge for the plastic surgeon. Although many midfacial deformities have traumatic or congenital origins, the vast majority of head and neck defects occur after resection of malignant head and neck neoplasms. Autogenous reconstruction is now routinely performed for larger, complex defects resulting from surgical resection or trauma.

A Novel Method of Neo-osseous Flap Prefabrication: Induction of Free Calvarial Periosteum with Bioactive Glass.

Background:  Reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects is a primary focus of craniofacial surgery. Although autogenous bone grafts remain as the gold standard, alloplastic materials have also gained widespread popularity due to their off-the-shelf availability, ease of use, and durability. In addition to replacing the missing bone, some of these alloplastic materials have also been found to induce new bone formation.

The systematic review and meta-analysis of free flap safety in the elderly patients.

Background: Prolonged mean life expectancy gives rise to a more populated and older patient group. With increasing number of cases during the past decades, older patients are regarded as candidates for microsurgical interventions. Whether advanced patient age is an independent risk factor for microsurgical reconstruction is still an ongoing matter of debate.