Is 2D:4D digit ratio related to avowed religion? A study among Mongolian young males from Ulaanbaatar.

Background: The ratio of the second- (2D) to fourth (4D) digit lengths of hand (2D:4D) is a proxy marker of the relative testosterone and estrogen concentration during a relatively narrow period of fetal development that might affect behavioral and personality characteristics.

Aim: To estimate the differences in 2D:4D between different religious groups among a sample of young adult males in Mongolia.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-five Mongolian male students with mean age of 20.

Multiple Sclerosis in Mongolia; the First Study Exploring Predictors of Disability and Depression in Mongolian MS Patients.

Mongolia is located at 45° north latitude in the center of the Asian continent, and about 80% of the territory is at 1000 m above sea level. Epidemiologically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been investigated in Mongolia, although there have been a few MS case reports. We investigated the characteristics of MS in Mongolia for the first time, focusing on the association between MS-related parameters and depression levels.

Awareness and Attitudes of Mongolian Adolescents and Youth toward Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-related Harm.

Background: This study aimed to examine alcohol consumption among Mongolian adolescents and youth, as well as their awareness and attitudes toward alcohol-related consequences.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from students in secondary schools, colleges, and universities in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using descriptive analysis methods.

Findings: More than half of respondents had tried alcohol in the past, and 15.

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Mongolia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Vaccine acceptance in the general public is essential in controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the adult population of Mongolia, and determine the associated factors. A total of 2875 individuals from urban and rural areas were recruited, and completed an online survey.