Design and Discovery of New Dual Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Based on the Benzenesulfonamide-Bearing 4-Thiazolidinones/2,4-Thiazolidinediones Scaffold.

Dual-targeting drug design has become a popular approach in investigating and developing potent anticancer agents. In this regard, carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2) are emerging as highly effective targets in the battle against cancer. In the present study, two series of 4-thiazolidinones/2,4-thiazolidinediones carrying 2-methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential dual CAIX/VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Novel Benzimidazole/Thiazolidin-4-one Hybrid Derivatives.

In this study, novel 3-(phenylamino)thiazolidin-4-one 2 a-d and 3-(phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one 3 a-g derivatives which are having benzimidazole moiety were synthesized and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity were investigated. The structures of the target compounds were elucidated using H/ C-NMR, IR and MS. The structure of 2 b was also characterized using HSQC NMR technique.

Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of N-Acylhydrazone-Incorporated Isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-one Derivatives.

A series of isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-one hybrids with N-acylhydrazone structure was prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activities. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the target molecules was evaluated against a panel of sixty cancer cell lines (NCI-60) by the National Cancer Institute. Seven of the target compounds showed prominent % inhibition against various cancer cell lines at the one-dose assay and were subsequently screened for five-dose assay.

Design and synthesis of new 2-oxoquinoxalinyl-1,2,4-triazoles as antitumor VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

VEGFR-2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGFs that play a central role in tumor angiogenesis. The inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR-2 has become an attractive therapeutic strategy in recent years for inhibiting tumor growth. In this study, a series of novel 2-oxoquinoxalinyl-1,2,4-triazoles were designed and synthesized as potential antitumor agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

Insights into the chemistry and therapeutic potential of acrylonitrile derivatives.

Acrylonitrile is a fascinating scaffold widely found in many natural products, drugs, and drug candidates with various biological activities. Several drug molecules such as entacapone, rilpivirine, teriflunomide, and so forth, bearing an acrylonitrile moiety have been marketed. In this review, diverse synthetic strategies for constructing desired acrylonitriles are discussed, and the different biological activities and medicinal significance of various acrylonitrile derivatives are critically evaluated.

Azolo[]pyridazinones in medicinal chemistry.

Azolo[]pyridazinone is a privileged structure and versatile pharmacophore whose derivatives are associated with diverse biological activities, in particular antidiabetic, antiasthmatic, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antidepressant and antimicrobial activities. The importance of this scaffold against some targets like PDE, COX and DPP-4 has been reviewed in detail previously. In the present review, we have summarized comprehensive information on azolo[]pyridazinone derivatives investigated by many researchers for their diverse pharmacological activities, structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies since 2000.

Some New Hydrazone Derivatives Bearing the 1,2,4-Triazole Moiety as Potential Antimycobacterial Agents.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and screen some new 1-(4-((2-(4-substitutedphenyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives for their antimycobacterial activities.

Materials And Methods: The target compounds were gained by condensation of 4-(1-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde with appropriate phenylhydrazines. Their structures were elucidated by IR, H-NMR, and mass spectrometry.

Novel benzimidazole-acrylonitrile hybrids and their derivatives: Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity.

This paper reports the synthesis and evaluation of some benzimidazole-acrylonitrile hybrid derivatives for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Among the derivatives studied, 3b was found to be the most active compound with MIC of 0.78 μg/mL against M.

Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of novel 2-pyrazoline derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

A novel series of 2-pyrazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory, Aβ anti-aggregating and neuroprotective activities. Among these, , , , and were established as the most potent and selective BChE inhibitors (IC = 0.5-3.

Novel multi-targeted agents for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of novel 2-[4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]benzimidazoles.

The present study describes the synthesis, pharmacological evaluation (BChE/AChE inhibition, Aβ antiaggregation, and neuroprotective effects), and molecular modeling studies of novel 2-[4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]benzimidazole derivatives. The alkyl-substituted derivatives exhibited selective inhibition on BChE with varying efficiency. Compounds 3b and 3d were found to be the most potent inhibitors of BChE with IC values of 5.

Novel Thiazolidinone-Azole Hybrids: Design, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity Studies.

To develop novel antimycobacterial agents, a new series of thiazolidinone-azole hybrids 4a-b, 5a-b and 6-13 were designed and synthesized. Thiazolidin-4-ones (4a-b and 5a-b) were obtained by the reaction of bases and hydrazones (2a-b and 3a-b) with mercaptoacetic acid. 5-Benzylidene derivatives (6-13) were gained by treatment of 5a-b with appropriate benzaldehydes according to condensation.

Novel thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazoles derived from naproxen with analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies.

3-Substituted-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones are versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of several biologically active N-bridged heterocyclic compounds, given that they have two reactive sites, thiocarbonyl and an amine nitrogen (N1/N4). For several years, our interest has focused on the synthesis of novel heterocyclic systems derived from 3-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones having analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, a series of novel thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazole-6(5H)-one derivatives bearing naproxen was synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in acute experimental pain and inflammation models.

Design, synthesis and in vitro study of 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine-3-ylthioacetate derivatives as COX-2 and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors.

In order to find novel cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors for treating inflammatory-based diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), an ethyl carboxylate side chain was added to 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine (lead compound II) to maintain residual inhibition of COX-1 through interacting with Arg120. A preliminary molecular docking study on both the COX-1/COX-2 active sites truly confirmed our hypothesis. Accordingly, a series of ethyl 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine-3-ylthioacetate derivatives were synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by NMR, IR and MS spectra.

1,2-Diaryl-2-hydroxyiminoethanones as dual COX-1 and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors: biological evaluation and in silico study.

To find out new agents for treating inflammatory-involved diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, a series of 1,2-diaryl-2-hydroxyiminoethanones containing vicinal diaryl pharmacophore of COX inhibitors were tested by a set of in vitro, in vivo, and computational studies. The in vivo study of compounds indicated their prominent anti-inflammatory ability at the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg comparable to celecoxib (10 mg/kg). Further in vitro COX-1/COX-2 evaluations revealed that 4-methoxy derivative 3 had a high selective COX-1 inhibitory activity (COX-1, IC50=0.

Biological activity and molecular docking studies of curcumin-related α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based synthetic compounds as anticancer agents and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.

Hyperpigmentation in human skin and enzymatic browning in fruits, which are caused by tyrosinase enzyme, are not desirable. Investigations in the discovery of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors and search for improved cytotoxic agents continue to be an important line in drug discovery and development. In present work, a new series of 30 compounds bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety was designed and synthesized following curcumin as model.

1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides: synthesis, molecular modeling, evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenicity.

A series of novel 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides were synthesized and confirmed with different spectroscopic techniques. The prepared compounds exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity that represents 38%-100% of indomethacin activity and 44%-115% of celecoxib activity after 3 h. The anilides 5a-l and hydrazide 6 exhibit low incidence of gastric ulceration compared to indomethacin which was confirmed with histopathological investigation.

Synthesis and antimycobacterial activities of some new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives.

This Letter reports the synthesis and evaluation of some thiazolylhydrazone derivatives for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The cytotoxic activities of all compounds were also evaluated. The compounds exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity with MICs of 1.

Synthesis, molecular modeling and evaluation of novel N'-2-(4-benzylpiperidin-/piperazin-1-yl)acylhydrazone derivatives as dual inhibitors for cholinesterases and Aβ aggregation.

To develop new drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a group of N'-2-(4-Benzylpiperidin-/piperazin-1-yl)acylhydrazones was designed, synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and aggregation of amyloid beta peptides (1-40, 1-42 and 1-40_1-42). The enzyme inhibition assay results indicated that compounds moderately inhibit both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. β-Amyloid aggregation results showed that all compounds exhibited remarkable Aβ fibril aggregation inhibition activity with a nearly similar potential as the reference compound rifampicin, which makes them promising anti-Alzheimer drug candidates.

Molecular modeling, synthesis and screening of some new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives with promising selective COX-2 inhibitory activity.

In order to develop new selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, a series of novel 2-aryl-3-(4-sulfamoyl/methylsulfonylphenylamino)-4-thiazolidinones were designed. Molecular modeling studies with COX-2 enzyme were performed by using MOE program. The designed compounds with reasonable binding modes and high docking scores were synthesized.

Synthesis and evaluation of human monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities of some 3,5-diaryl-N-substituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives.

Sixteen 3-aryl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-substituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives were synthesized and their structure were identified by UV, IR, (1) H NMR, mass spectra, and microanalyses. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for their human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory activities and their MAO-A and -B selectivity. All the compounds were found to potently inhibit MAO-A isoforms.

Synthesis and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of some N-acylhydrazone derivatives of isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-ones.

In this study, new isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-one derivatives having an N-acylhydrazone moiety were synthesized. The compounds were tested for their COX inhibitory activities using NS-398 and indomethacine as reference compounds. Although the compounds had an inhibitory profile against both COX-1 and COX-2, most were found to be more selective against COX-2 by a small percentage of inhibition, at the concentration of 50 microM.