EGFR T790M mutation detection in NSCLC patients resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

Background: The finding of mutations that activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in people with lung adenocarcinoma resulted in the creation of a new class of biological treatments called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). These medications have changed how patients with EGFR mutations are clinically managed, nearly doubling their survival rate compared to standard chemotherapy. Though 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs are initially highly effective, typically within 9-14 months all tumors with the mutation progress due to secondary resistance mutations involving alternative molecular pathways.

Burden of major cancer types in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, with a growing burden also observed in Kazakhstan. This study evaluates the burden of common cancers in Almaty, Kazakhstan's major city, from 2017 to 2021, utilizing data from the Information System of the Ministry of Health. In Kazakhstan, most common cancers among men include lung, stomach, and prostate cancer, while breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers are predominant among women.

Assessment of safety and tolerability of subcutaneous trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer: Results of an open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase IIIB ESCAPE trial.

Aim: To assess the safety and tolerability of subcutaneous (SC) trastuzumab (Herceptin) administered either with a single-use injection device (SID) or manually from a vial using a hand-held syringe.

Methods: The ESCAPE trial (NCT02194166) included 90 women aged 18 years or older with HER2-positive early breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment and completed (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (if indicated). Patients enrolled in the study were first subjected to 4 cycles of trastuzumab IV (8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg maintenance dose, q3w) prior to being randomized into groups: [A] SC trastuzumab (fixed dose 600 mg, q3w) administered through a hand-held syringe followed by 7 cycles of SC trastuzumab administered with an SID or [B] the reverse sequence.

Five-year overall survival of patients with advanced bladder cancer in Kazakhstan: OSURK registry study.

Background: The goals of the OSURK registry study were to assess 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer diagnosed in 2017 in Kazakhstan and collect data on the use of various treatment options in routine clinical practice.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed metastatic bladder cancer (BC) were retrospectively identified in the national register of Kazakhstan (ERCP) between January 2017 and January 2018. ERCP is the biggest register in the country and includes patient data from 17 regions.

Characteristic Mutational Damages in Gastric and Colorectal Adenocarcinomas.

Introduction: Gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas are prevalent malignancies characterized by mutations in genes such as p53, RAS, and MDM2, which play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Understanding the specific mutational patterns and their implications in these cancers was essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets.

Aim: To identify the nature of mutational disorders in the p53, p21Waf1, RAS and MDM2 genes, depending on the degree of cell differentiation by adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract.

Natural killer cell activity level in colorectal cancer screening in an average risk population.

Introduction: Increased natural killer cell activity (NKCA) is linked to reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several prior studies have investigated the association of NKCA and the incidence of CRC in high-risk subjects. The aim of our study was to investigate NKCA sensitivity in diagnosing advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC in an average risk population.

Overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus: a report from the RENSUR3 registry.

Background: Real-world data describing outcomes of treatment among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients are limited and heterogeneous.

Aim: RENSUR3 registry study assessed real-world data on the use of therapies in mRCC and overall survival (OS) in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus.

Methods: Patients were included in the retrospective multicenter registry study.

Trends of Colorectal Cancer Prevalence in Kazakhstan Related to Screening.

We carried out an analysis of the total incidence of colon cancer throughout Kazakhstan. Retrospectively, according to the regional reports on endoscopic screening, the study showed an increase in the age-related incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases from 2004-2008 to 2009-2014. The peak of morbidity in both periods was noted in the age category of >70 years.

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Background: The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in most native Asian populations remain low although a gradual increase is observed over the last years.

Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on prostate cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country and for Pavlodar Region.

Results: The increase in the incidence of prostate cancer among the population of Kazakhstan is observed, which may be attributed to the introduction of screening program based on serum PSA.