Growth hormone increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and decreases IGF-II in plasma of growing pigs.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II have been measured in plasma obtained from male and female pigs of two strains during daily administration of pituitary-derived porcine GH (pGH; 100 micrograms/kg) from 60 to 90 kg body weight. Each plasma sample was first chromatographed to separate the IGF from binding proteins in order to obtain reliable measurements. IGF-I concentrations showed no differences between strains, but were higher in untreated males (497 +/- 43 (S.

Mood changes, obstetric experience and alterations in plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin and corticotrophin releasing hormone during pregnancy and the puerperium.

The relationships between mood change, obstetric experience and alterations in plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) were examined in a prospective study of 97 primiparous Australian women. Psychological measures were administered between the 28th week of pregnancy and the 3rd postnatal month, including the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Montgomery Asberg Depressive Rating Scale (MADRS). Blood samples were collected for cortisol, beta-EP and CRH assay on most of these occasions and during labour.

Intramembranous osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the chick embryo.

Membrane bone formation was examined in the developing chick frontal bone of Stage 32-36 embryos using alizarin red whole mounts, wax and resin histology, transmission electron microscopy and India ink injection techniques. Mineralised bone was seen at Stage 36, but was presaged by the appearance of twin mesenchymal condensations at Stage 35. The condensations appeared dorsolateral to the upper edge of the interorbital septum near its centre.

Purification, amino acid sequences and assay cross-reactivities of porcine insulin-like growth factor-I and -II.

Porcine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II have been characterized to help define the roles of these peptides in the growth process. The amino acid sequence of porcine IGF-I was found to be identical to the human and bovine peptides. Porcine IGF-II was more similar to human IGF-II than to forms of this growth factor in other mammalian species, differing only in the replacement of asparagine for serine at residue 36.

Möbius and Möbius-like syndromes (TTV-OFM, OMLH).

There exists a spectrum of syndromes characterized by cranial nerve palsies, limb anomalies, and craniofacial malformations. Criteria based on type and severity of limb anomaly or presence or absence of cranial nerve palsy may alter the syndrome nomenclature due to a selection bias but do not appear to benefit syndrome delineation to any extent. Patients with seventh nerve palsy and abduction weakness are usually diagnosed as having Möbius syndrome by ophthalmologists.

Sheep insulin-like growth factors I and II: sequences, activities and assays.

This report describes the purification, sequences, and activities of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from adult and fetal sheep plasma. IGF-1 from adult sheep is identical to human and bovine IGF-I, except for substitution in the sheep of Ala at residue 66 for Pro in the human and bovine polypeptides. IGF-II from adult sheep differs from bovine IGF-II also by a single amino acid, with residue 62 being Ala in ovine and Thr in bovine IGF-2.

Restriction of placental growth in sheep enhances placental metabolism of fetal beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity.

The opioid polypeptide beta-endorphin is present in fetal blood but it is not clear whether its source is the fetus or the placenta. We therefore measured beta-endorphin in extracts of fetal femoral arterial and umbilical venous blood plasma in sheep by radioimmunoassay to determine whether the fetus or the placenta is the major source of beta-endorphin in the fetal circulation. Chromatographic analysis of extracts of fetal arterial plasma showed that beta-lipotropin and other precursors of beta-endorphin made only a minor contribution to the immunoreactivity detected.

The effect of repetitive haemorrhage on plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin and N-terminal pro-opiomelanocortin in conscious sheep.

We measured the effect of repeated haemorrhagic stress, performed on four consecutive days in conscious adult sheep, on the plasma concentrations of cortisol and ACTH-related peptides to determine whether the pituitary-adrenal response was altered by stress repetition. Peptides from the C-terminus of the ACTH pro-hormone was measured by beta-endorphin RIA. Glycopeptides derived from the N-terminus of the ACTH pro-hormone were measured by tau 3-MSH RIA.

Idiopathic external resorption of teeth.

An unerupted maxillary third molar tooth from a 57-year-old Caucasian male, which showed radiographic evidence of crown resorption, but was otherwise symptomless, was examined post-extraction by light and scanning electron microscopy. (SEM) Appearances of the residual dental tissues were consistent with a diagnosis of an invading external resorption with formation of pulpal granulation tissue, dentinal resorption and some dentinal metaplasia. SEM of crown fragments indicated a generally uniform pattern of enamel resorption, for which the ameloblasts rather than multinucleate cells were implicated.

Immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma during acute stress in conscious sheep.

The opioid peptide methionine-enkephalin (Met-enkephalin) was measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sheep in which the cisterna magna, carotid artery, and jugular vein were chronically cannulated. Venous blood plasma and CSF were collected before and after stress treatment and in control studies in conscious animals. Plasma and CSF were extracted with octadecylsilica and oxidized, and Met-enkephalin was measured as its Met-sulfoxide derivative by specific RIA.

Postnatal disappearance of the pregnancy-associated reduced sensitivity of plasma cortisol to feedback inhibition.

We recently observed that the characteristic insensitivity of the pituitary-adrenal system in women to feedback inhibition during pregnancy persists for at least four days postnatally. We therefore examined women during the first five weeks after delivery to assess when the sensitivity of plasma cortisol to glucocorticoid inhibition returns to normal. Dexamethasone (DEXA, 1 mg) was ingested at 11 pm by normal healthy women, once between the 3rd and 27th postnatal days, and again on day 35.

Opioid peptides in blood and cerebrospinal fluid during acute stress.

The opioid peptides beta-endorphin and [met]enkephalin are present in the peripheral circulation. Plasma beta-endorphin originates from the pituitary gland and its cosecretion with ACTH is stimulated by a variety of noxious stimuli. Although the adrenal medulla contains high concentrations of [met]enkephalin-containing polypeptides which are costored with catecholamines, and although the adrenal gland appears to secrete [met]enkephalin into the adrenal vein, the relative adrenal contribution to plasma [met]enkephalin appears to be negligible.

The nonsuppressibility of plasma cortisol persists after pregnancy.

To determine if normal balance is restored to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after pregnancy, we compared the dexamethasone suppressibility of plasma cortisol in women four days after delivery of their infant, with that of nonpregnant women. Plasma concentrations of cortisol before dexamethasone administration were similar in the post-partum women and in women taking oestrogen contraceptives, but both were higher than in normally cycling women. After dexamethasone, plasma cortisol in the post-partum women was significantly higher than in both oestrogen-taking and normally cycling nonpregnant women.

Acute hemorrhagic stress in conscious sheep elevates immunoreactive beta-endorphin in plasma but not in cerebrospinal fluid.

The effects of acute hemorrhagic stress on the concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR beta EP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma were investigated in conscious sheep in which the cisterna magna, a carotid artery, and a jugular vein were chronically cannulated. Serial samples of CSF and jugular venous blood were collected before and after acute arterial hemorrhage and in control experiments. Basal concentrations of IR beta EP were higher in plasma than in CSF.

Secretion of N-terminal pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in response to acute haemorrhagic stress in conscious sheep.

To determine whether peptides derived from the N-terminus of the corticotropin/melanotropin/endorphin precursor, pro-opiomelanocortin, are released into blood in response to acute haemorrhagic stress, we examined the effect of haemorrhage on plasma concentrations of immunoreactive gamma 3-melanotropin, beta-endorphin and cortisol. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive gamma 3-melanotropin (mean +/- SEM) increased within 30 min of haemorrhage from 71.1 +/- 10.

An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of antibody neutralization.

The physiological role of placental lactogen (PL; chorionic somatomammotrophin) in the ewe has been investigated by infusion of ewes (n = 3) on day 131 of pregnancy with sufficient ovine PL (oPL) antibody to neutralize circulating oPL for at least 12 h. Effectiveness of the antibody neutralization was defined both in vitro and in vivo according to rigorous criteria. Control ewes (n = 3) were infused simultaneously with an equivalent amount of pooled goat gamma globulin.

Insulin-like growth factor receptor in fetal lamb liver: characterization and developmental changes.

Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) (rat IGF II), binds to extracts of many tissues from fetal lambs. We now report the presence of high concentrations of a glycoprotein receptor with a high affinity for MSA-II in microsomes prepared from fetal lamb liver. The binding of radiolabeled MSA-II is inhibited by IGF but not by insulin, human, and ovine GH, ovine PRL, ovine placental lactogen, and mouse epidermal growth factor.

Peripartum concentrations of beta endorphin and cortisol and maternal mood states.

Nineteen women were studied before, during and after labour by assessment of their mood using a variety of psychological tests and by measurement of their plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and cortisol. Beta-endorphin and cortisol concentrations rose markedly during labour and were influenced by the type of analgesia used. A deterioration in cognitive performance between days 2 and 4 postpartum correlated positively with the fall in beta-endorphin concentrations from those in labour to those on the fourth day postpartum.

Cannulation of the cisterna magna in sheep: a method for chronic studies of cerebrospinal fluid.

A method of cannulating the cisterna magna of sheep is described. Successful cannulations were achieved in 15 of 17 attempts (88%). Mean cannula patency was 13.

Effect of hypoglycemic stress on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive beta-endorphin in conscious sheep.

The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemic stress on the concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-EP) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined in conscious non-pregnant ewes in which the cisterna magna and a jugular vein had been previously catheterized. In control experiments, no significant changes were observed in plasma cortisol or ir beta-EP and CSF ir beta-EP concentrations. During hypoglycemia induced by intravenous injection of 20 units of insulin, plasma cortisol concentrations rose significantly, reaching a peak 1.

Quinoline and methylquinolines in cigarette smoke: comparative data and the effect of filtration.

A method has been developed to determine quantitatively quinoline, isoquinoline, and each of the methylquinoline isomers in cigarette smoke. This method was applied to the smoke of several different commercial cigarettes with and without filter tips. Quantitative analyses were accomplished by capillary gas chromatography, using a 50-m OV-101 fused silica capillary column and a 50-m Dexsil 300 fused silica column.