Introductory pharmacology for clinical practice.

The average woman will take many medications, both prescription and nonprescription, as well as herbs or other dietary supplements over the course of her lifetime. These chemicals can produce therapeutic benefits but can also cause toxic effects. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapy, adverse drug reactions, and research in pharmacology are discussed as applied to women's health.

Effects of winter manure application in Ohio on the quality of surface runoff.

Winter application of manure poses environmental risks. Seven continuous corn, instrumented watersheds (approximately 1 ha each) at the USDA-ARS North Appalachian Experimental Watershed research station near Coshocton, Ohio were used to evaluate the environmental impacts of winter manure application when using some of the Ohio Natural Resources Conservation Service recommendations. For 3 yr on frozen, sometimes snow-covered, ground in January or February, two watersheds received turkey litter, two received liquid swine manure, and three were control plots that received N fertilizer at planting (not manure).

Gill-associated virus and its association with decreased production of Penaeus monodon in Australian prawn farms.

Gill-associated virus (GAV) was found to be associated with decreased prawn, Penaeus monodon, production when prawns from three farms (n = 45 ponds, 1800 prawns) were monitored for GAV over the production season using a graded RT-nPCR. The grading system used was a visualization of either the outer or inner nested PCR products. Prevalence and loading of GAV were associated with disease severity.

Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates transcription factor LSF (TFCP2) by facilitating dephosphorylation at two serine-proline motifs.

Transcription factor LSF is essential for cell cycle progression, being required for activating expression of the thymidylate synthase (Tyms) gene at the G1/S transition. We previously established that phosphorylation of LSF in early G1 at Ser-291 and Ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in G1 is required for its reactivation. Here we reveal the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 in activating LSF, by facilitating dephosphorylation at both Ser-291 and Ser-309.

Attempts at producing a hybridised Penaeus mondon cell line by cellular fusion.

The lack of a standardised system for the isolation, identification and purification of prawn viruses, is a major obstacle to the control of viruses in penaeid aquaculture. To date, spontaneous and induced transformation of somatic penaeid cells has failed. Hybrid cells with the aim of supporting the growth of penaeid viruses were created using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated fusion with two immortal cell lines, Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) and Spodoptera frugiperda pupal ovarian cells (Sf9), fused with Penaeus monodon haemocytes.

Insight into the lymphoid organ of penaeid prawns: a review.

In crustacea, the lymphoid organ (LO) is found exclusively in penaeid prawns. Other crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters and crayfish do not possess lymphoid organs. Many scientists believe that the lymphoid organ is involved in defence against invading pathogens.

Oral features and dental health in Hurler Syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Hurler Syndrome is associated with a deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in early infancy is undertaken to help prevent the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and improve organ function.

Aim: To investigate the oral features and dental health of patients with Hurler Syndrome who have undergone successful HSCT.

Impact of grassed waterways and compost filter socks on the quality of surface runoff from corn fields.

Surface runoff from cropland frequently has high concentrations of nutrients and herbicides, particularly in the first few events after application. Grassed waterways can control erosion while transmitting this runoff offsite, but are generally ineffective in removing dissolved agrochemicals. In this study, we routed runoff from one tilled (0.

High relaxivity trimetallic nitride (Gd3N) metallofullerene MRI contrast agents with optimized functionality.

Water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized and hydroxylated endohedral trimetallic nitride metallofullerene derivatives, Gd(3)N@C(80)[DiPEG(OH)(x)], have been synthesized and characterized. The (1)H MRI relaxivities in aqueous solution were measured for the derivatives with four different molecular weights of PEG (350-5000 Da) at 0.35, 2.

ATLANTIC DIP: the impact of obesity on pregnancy outcome in glucose-tolerant women.

OBJECTIVE A prospective study of the impact of obesity on pregnancy outcome in glucose-tolerant women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Irish Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy network advocates universal screening for gestational diabetes. Women with normoglycemia and a recorded booking BMI were included.

Activation domain-dependent degradation of somatic Wee1 kinase.

Cell cycle progression is dependent upon coordinate regulation of kinase and proteolytic pathways. Inhibitors of cell cycle transitions are degraded to allow progression into the subsequent cell cycle phase. For example, the tyrosine kinase and Cdk1 inhibitor Wee1 is degraded during G(2) and mitosis to allow mitotic progression.

Vibrio owensii sp. nov., isolated from cultured crustaceans in Australia.

Two bacterial strains (DY05(T) and 47666-1) were isolated in Queensland, Australia, from diseased cultured crustaceans Panulirus ornatus and Penaeus monodon, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, the strains were shown to belong to the Harveyi clade of the genus Vibrio. Multilocus sequence analysis using five housekeeping genes (rpoA, pyrH, topA, ftsZ and mreB) showed that the strains form a monophyletic group with 94.

A novel mouse model for non-invasive single marker tracking of mammary stem cells in vivo reveals stem cell dynamics throughout pregnancy.

Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) play essential roles for the development of the mammary gland and its remodeling during pregnancy. However, the precise localization of MaSCs in the mammary gland and their regulation during pregnancy is unknown. Here we report a transgenic mouse model for luciferase-based single marker detection of MaSCs in vivo that we used to address these issues.

Isolation of lytic bacteriophage against Vibrio harveyi.

Aims: The isolation of lytic bacteriophage of Vibrio harveyi with potential for phage therapy of bacterial pathogens of phyllosoma larvae from the tropical rock lobster Panulirus ornatus.

Methods And Results: Water samples from discharge channels and grow-out ponds of a prawn farm in northeastern Australia were enriched for 24 h in a broth containing four V. harveyi strains.

Meeting report: 2009 international conference on molecular neurodegeneration May 18-20, 2009, Xiamen, China.

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are great challenges as the aging population grows. To promote neurodegeneration research and to share recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating diseases, the journal Molecular Neurodegeneration and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University co-organized the 2009 International Conference on Molecular Neurodegeneration in Xiamen, China on May 18-20, 2009. The objectives of this meeting were to (1) promote cutting-edge neurodegeneration research in China and in neighboring Asian countries; (2) facilitate the exchange of information relevant to neurodegenerative research; (3) provide education opportunity for students, postdocs and physicians; and (4) provide a platform for investigators at different career levels to interact and network, and to foster collaborations at the international levels.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus disease (white tail disease) in Australia.

The index case of white tail disease (WTD) is presented in adult broodstock prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed white muscle lesions.

Transcription factors LSF and E2Fs: tandem cyclists driving G0 to S?

Cell cycle progression in mammalian cells from G(1) into S phase requires sensing and integration of multiple inputs, in order to determine whether to continue to cellular DNA replication and subsequently, to cell division. Passage to S requires transition through the restriction point, which at a molecular level consists of a bistable switch involving E2Fs and pRb family members. At the G(1)/S boundary, a number of genes essential for DNA replication and cell cycle progression are upregulated, promoting entry into S phase.

Clinical features that affect indirect-hemagglutination-assay responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Melioidosis, a disease endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia, is caused by the soil saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) is the most frequently used serological test to help confirm exposure to the causative organism. However, despite culture-confirmed disease, patients often have a negative IHA result at presentation and occasionally fail to seroconvert in serial testing.

Self-determination skills and opportunities of adolescents with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities.

We asked teachers and parents to assess the self-determination prospects of 135 youth with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities. Teachers typically reported that youth evidenced limited knowledge about self-determined behavior, ability to perform these behaviors, and confidence regarding the efficacy of their self-determination efforts. Parents and teachers diverged in their evaluations of the self-determination capacities of youth but agreed that opportunities to engage in self-determined behavior were available both at school and home.

Morbidity associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections.

We sought to quantify patient morbidity throughout Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PABSI) as a function of patient covariates. Individuals with PABSI were included in a retrospective, observational, cohort study. Morbidity was quantified by serial Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores.

RNA interference reduces PmergDNV expression and replication in an in vivo cricket model.

RNA interference (RNAi) is an attractive anti-viral preventative because it allows interference with the expression of a viral gene in a highly sequence-specific manner. Thus, essential viral genes can be targeted by design, with little or no risk of undesired off-target effects. To investigate if stealth RNAis can mediate a sequence-specific anti-viral effect against PmergDNV, adult Acheta domesticus were injected with 5 microg of stealth RNAi or control stealth RNAi, targeting the capsid protein.