Illegitimate Publishers in 1 Physiology: Attracting Citations and Infiltration into Legitimate Databases.

An increase in scholarly publishing has been accompanied by a proliferation of potentially illegitimate publishers (PIP), commonly known as "predatory publishers". These PIP often engage in fraudulent practices and publish articles that are not subject to the same scrutiny as those published in journals from legitimate publishers (LP). This places academics at risk, in particular students who utilize journal articles for learning and assignments.

Comparison of Reporting Quality in National Cystic Fibrosis Patient Registries: Implications for Identifying Use of Novel CFTR Modulators.

Introduction: Advances in development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator (CFTRm) therapies mean that now people who are heterozygous (instead of having to be homozygous) for the common F508del variant can benefit from these therapies. Recent economic estimates suggest only approximately 15% of the global population have CFTRm access, yet it is unknown how prevalence of F508del and economic factors may affect this availability.

Methods: Data related to prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF), CFTRm usage, and prevalence of F508del in 10 countries were extracted from publicly accessible registry reports from 2021.

Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and end-tidal carbon dioxide responses to moderate intensity cycling in children, adolescents, and adults.

This study investigated the middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) response to constant work-rate moderate-intensity cycling exercise in 21 children (9.3 ± 0.8 yr), 17 adolescents (12.

Percentage Predicted Peak Oxygen Consumption in People With Fontan Circulation: A Rapid Systematic Scoping Review and Validation Study.

Background: Peak oxygen consumption (peak ) is routinely measured in people who have congenital heart disease and is reported as a percentage of predicted value, based upon age- and sex-matched normative reference values (NRVs). This study aimed to identify which NRVs are being used, assess whether NRVs are being applied appropriately, and evaluate if recommended NRVs are valid when applied to people with congenital heart disease.

Methods And Results: A systematic scoping review identified studies that reported peak percentage of predicted value in people with congenital heart disease.

The Influence of Acute Hypoxia on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics During Cycling Exercise in Prepubertal Boys.

Purpose: To examine the effect of normobaric hypoxia on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and muscle oxygenation kinetics during incremental and moderate-intensity exercise in children.

Methods: Eight prepubertal boys (9-11 y) performed incremental cycle tests to exhaustion in both normoxia and hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 of 15%) followed by repeat 6-minute transitions of moderate-intensity exercise in each condition over subsequent visits.

Results: Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was reduced in hypoxia compared with normoxia (1.

Adapting, restarting, and terminating a randomised control trial for people with cystic fibrosis: Reflections on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon research in a clinical population.

Background: Habitual physical activity (PA) and exercise form a cornerstone of the management of cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetically inherited pulmonary and digestive condition - whereby telehealth platforms have been proposed as a mechanism to engage remotely people with CF in PA and exercise.

Methods: To test this, in early 2020, the 'ActivOnline: Physical Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Trial' (ActiOn PACT) randomised control trial was established to examine whether an online intervention was effective at increasing PA in adolescents and adults with CF.

Results: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 forced this trial to be paused and modified, with the adoption of online recruitment and remote assessment of outcome measures.

Getting Your First Publication in Medical Education-Why? What? Where? How?

The process of getting one's work published is a major milestone for many in their early academic and clinical careers. However, this process can be confusing and overwhelming for many who have yet to publish themselves. There are differing motivators for publishing work in our early career stages, alongside considerations, such as what we publish, where we decide to submit work, and how we logistically undertake the submission process.

Predatory publishing in medical education: a rapid scoping review.

Background: Academic publishing is a cornerstone of scholarly communications, yet is unfortunately open to abuse, having given rise to 'predatory publishers'- groups that employ aggressive marketing tactics, are deficient in methods and ethics, and bypass peer review. Preventing these predatory publishers from infiltrating scholarly activity is of high importance, and students must be trained in this area to increase awareness and reduce use. The scope of this issue in the context of medical students remains unknown, and therefore this sought to examine the breadth of the current literature base.

Agreement between left and right middle cerebral artery blood velocity responses to incremental and constant work-rate exercise in healthy males and females.

To quantify the agreement between left and right middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) responses to incremental and constant work-rate exercise in adults.Seventeen healthy adults (23.8 ± 2.

Skeletal muscle contributions to reduced fitness in cystic fibrosis youth.

Background: Increased maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O) is beneficial in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) but remains lower compared to healthy peers. Intrinsic metabolic deficiencies within skeletal muscle (muscle "quality") and skeletal muscle size (muscle "quantity") are both proposed as potential causes for the lower V̇O, although exact mechanisms remain unknown. This study utilises gold-standard methodologies to control for the residual effects of muscle size from V̇O to address this "quality" vs.

Survey of exercise testing and training in cystic fibrosis clinics in the UK: a decade of progress.

Objectives: Regular exercise testing is recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), as is the provision and regular review of exercise training programmes. A previous survey on exercise testing and training for pwCF in the UK was conducted over a decade ago. With the landscape of CF changing considerably during this time, this survey aimed to evaluate UK-based exercise testing and training practices for pwCF a decade on.

Expert guidelines on exercise and physical activity for people with cystic fibrosis.

Research has shown that there is a lack of confidence and understanding in how to use exercise for managing cystic fibrosis. This editorial discusses the key points of a consensus statement that highlights what is and is not known about the relationship between cystic fibrosis and exercise.

A systematic review to explore how exercise-based physiotherapy via telemedicine can promote health related benefits for people with cystic fibrosis.

To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy exercises delivered via telemedicine on lung function and quality-of-life in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The databases AMED, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched from December 2001 until December 2021. Reference lists of included studies were hand-searched.

Validity and repeatability of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in interstitial lung disease.

Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and its primary outcome of peak oxygen uptake (VO), are acknowledged as biomarkers in the diagnostic and prognostic management of interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the validity and repeatability of CPET in those with ILD has yet to be fully characterised, and this study fills this evidence gap.

Methods: Twenty-six people with ILD were recruited, and 21 successfully completed three CPETs.

Normal reference values for aerobic fitness in cystic fibrosis: a scoping review.

Objective: The importance of aerobic fitness (VO) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is well established, and regular exercise testing is recommended. To standardise VO, a 'percentage of predicted' (%) derived from normative reference values (NRV), as promoted by the 2015 European Cystic Fibrosis Society Exercise Working Group (ECFS EWG), can be reported. However, the NRVs used in CF and their relative frequency is unknown.

The Exeter Activity Unlimited statement on physical activity and exercise for cystic fibrosis: methodology and results of an international, multidisciplinary, evidence-driven expert consensus.

Background: The roles of physical activity (PA) and exercise within the management of cystic fibrosis (CF) are recognised by their inclusion in numerous standards of care and treatment guidelines. However, information is brief, and both PA and exercise as multi-faceted behaviours require extensive stakeholder input when developing and promoting such guidelines.

Method: On 30 June and 1 July 2021, 39 stakeholders from 11 countries, including researchers, healthcare professionals and patients participated in a virtual conference to agree an evidence-based and informed expert consensus about PA and exercise for people with CF.

The effect of exercise intensity and cardiorespiratory fitness on the kinetic response of middle cerebral artery blood velocity during exercise in healthy adults.

The aim of this study was to compare the kinetic response of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) to moderate- and heavy-intensity cycling in adults, and explore the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o) and MCAv kinetics. Seventeen healthy adults (23.8 ± 2.

The Effect of Dysglycaemia on Changes in Pulmonary and Aerobic Function in Cystic Fibrosis.

Cross-sectional studies have reported lower pulmonary and aerobic function during exercise in people with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) compared to non-CFRD counterparts. However, this association has yet to be longitudinally investigated. Therefore, this study examines these differences over time between people with cystic fibrosis (CF) of differing glycaemic status.

The impact of COVID-19 upon the delivery of exercise services within cystic fibrosis clinics in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedent changes to clinical practice, and as the impact upon delivery of exercise services for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United Kingdom was unknown, this was characterised via a national survey.

Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to healthcare professionals involved in the exercise management of CF via established professional networks.

Results: In total, 31 CF centres participated.

Differences in cerebrovascular regulation and ventilatory responses during ramp incremental cycling in children, adolescents, and adults.

Regulation of cerebral blood flow during exercise in youth is poorly understood. This study investigated the cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to a ramp incremental cycle test to exhaustion in 14 children (means ± SD age: 9.4 ± 0.

The impact of physical activity and exercise interventions for physical health in people with cystic fibrosis: protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetically inherited, life-limiting condition, affecting ~90,000 people globally. Physical activity (PA) and exercise form an integral component of CF management, and have been highlighted by the CF community as an area of interest for future research. Previous reviews have solely focused on PA or structured exercise regimens independent of one another, and thus a comprehensive assessment of the physical health benefits of all PA, including exercise, interventions, is subsequently warranted.

Physical activity for cystic fibrosis: perceptions of people with cystic fibrosis, parents and healthcare professionals.

Background: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are widely accepted, yet how PA is promoted and utilised by pwCF is unclear.

Method: An online questionnaire to explore attitudes, practices and promotion of PA in cystic fibrosis was completed by healthcare providers (HCP), pwCF and parents/caregivers.

Results: 351 respondents (105 HCP, 120 pwCF, and 126 parents/caregivers) from 12 countries completed the survey.

Desaturation during exercise is not a sufficient mechanism for prediction of osteoporosis in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Background: Recent research has proposed an association between desaturation during a six minute walking test (6MWT) and osteoporosis in an elderly group of individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. A causative pathway through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) has been proposed.

Commentary: Queries regarding the statistical approaches used are identified and discussed within this correspondence.

Quantification of thigh muscle volume in children and adolescents using magnetic resonance imaging.

Estimating muscle volume (MV) using variable numbers of cross-sectional area (CSA) slices obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) introduces an error that is known in adults, but not in children and adolescents, whereby body sizes differ due to growth and maturation. Therefore, 15 children and adolescents (11 males, 14.8 ± 2.