ASL mRNA-LNP Therapeutic for the Treatment of Argininosuccinic Aciduria Enables Survival Benefit in a Mouse Model.

Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), which cleaves argininosuccinic acid to arginine and fumarate in the urea cycle. ASL deficiency (ASLD) leads to hepatocyte dysfunction, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, and respiratory alkalosis. Here we describe a novel therapeutic approach for treating ASA, based on nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP).

Unsaturated, Trialkyl Ionizable Lipids are Versatile Lipid-Nanoparticle Components for Therapeutic and Vaccine Applications.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven a successful platform for the delivery of nucleic acid (NA)-based therapeutics and vaccines, with the ionizable lipid component playing a key role in modulating potency and tolerability. Here, a library of 16 novel ionizable lipids is screened hypothesizing that short, branched trialkyl hydrophobic domains can improve LNP fusogenicity or endosomal escape, and potency. LNPs formulated with the top-performing trialkyl lipid (Lipid 10) encapsulating transthyretin siRNA elicit significantly greater gene silencing and are better tolerated than those with the benchmark Onpattro lipid DLin-MC3-DMA.

The identification of highly efficacious functionalised tetrahydrocyclopenta[]pyrroles as inhibitors of HBV viral replication through modulation of HBV capsid assembly.

Disruption of the HBV viral life cycle with small molecules that prevent the encapsidation of pregenomic RNA and viral polymerase through binding to HBV core protein is a clinically validated approach to inhibiting HBV viral replication. Herein we report the further optimisation of clinical candidate AB-506 through core modification with a focus on increasing oral exposure and oral half-life. Maintenance of high levels of anti-HBV cellular potency in conjunction with improvements in pharmacokinetic properties led to multi-log reductions in serum HBV DNA following low, once-daily oral dosing for key analogues in a preclinical animal model of HBV replication.

A Longitudinal Person-Centered Examination of Affinity for Aloneness Among Children and Adolescents.

Affinity for aloneness among youth often is viewed negatively. However, some youth may enjoy solitude for positive reasons, rather than because of social anxiety. The prevalence and adjustment over time of youth with high affinity for aloneness is unclear.

CEP164-null cells generated by genome editing show a ciliation defect with intact DNA repair capacity.

Primary cilia are microtubule structures that extend from the distal end of the mature, mother centriole. CEP164 is a component of the distal appendages carried by the mother centriole that is required for primary cilium formation. Recent data have implicated CEP164 as a ciliopathy gene and suggest that CEP164 plays some roles in the DNA damage response (DDR).

Loss of centrioles causes chromosomal instability in vertebrate somatic cells.

Most animal cells contain a centrosome, which comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by an ordered pericentriolar matrix (PCM). Although the role of this organelle in organizing the mitotic spindle poles is well established, its precise contribution to cell division and cell survival remains a subject of debate. By genetically ablating key components of centriole biogenesis in chicken DT40 B cells, we generated multiple cell lines that lack centrioles.

Meeting report - building a centrosome.

Located in the 16th century Wiston House in West Sussex, UK, the 'Building a Centrosome' Workshop was organised by The Company of Biologists and chaired by Fanni Gergely and David Glover (University of Cambridge). Held in March 2013, the Workshop gathered together many of the leaders in the field of centrosome biology, as well as postdocs and students who were given the opportunity to meet and interact with many of the scientists who inspired their early careers. The diverse range of speakers provided a multi-disciplinary forum for the exchange of ideas, and gave fresh impetus to tackling outstanding questions related to centrosome biology.

Calcium-binding capacity of centrin2 is required for linear POC5 assembly but not for nucleotide excision repair.

Centrosomes, the principal microtubule-organising centres in animal cells, contain centrins, small, conserved calcium-binding proteins unique to eukaryotes. Centrin2 binds to xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein (XPC), stabilising it, and its presence slightly increases nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity in vitro. In previous work, we deleted all three centrin isoforms present in chicken DT40 cells and observed delayed repair of UV-induced DNA lesions, but no centrosome abnormalities.

Such small hands: the roles of centrins/caltractins in the centriole and in genome maintenance.

Centrins are small, highly conserved members of the EF-hand superfamily of calcium-binding proteins that are found throughout eukaryotes. They play a major role in ensuring the duplication and appropriate functioning of the ciliary basal bodies in ciliated cells. They have also been localised to the centrosome, which is the major microtubule organising centre in animal somatic cells.