The Effect of Frailty on Balance, Fear of Falling, and Dual-Task Performance in Individuals with Type 2 DM.

The aim of this study was to compare balance, fear of falling, and dual-task performance in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail individuals with type 2 DM. The study included 110 voluntary individuals diagnosed with type 2 DM. Individuals with type 2 DM were divided into three groups according to the FRAIL Scale: frail ( = 26), pre-frail ( = 52), and non-frail ( = 32).

Computed Tomography-Image-Based Glioma Grading Using Radiomics and Machine Learning: A Proof-of-Principle Study.

Background/objectives: In recent years, numerous studies have been published on determining the WHO grade of central nervous system (CNS) tumors using machine learning algorithms. These studies are usually based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sometimes also on positron emission tomography (PET) images. To date, however, there are virtually no corresponding studies based on routinely generated computed tomography (CT) images.

Enhancing Treatment Decisions for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.

Background: Although higher-generation TKIs are associated with improved progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, the optimal selection of TKI treatment remains uncertain. To address this gap, we developed a web application powered by a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to assist in guiding initial TKI treatment decisions.

Methods: Clinical and mutational data from advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively collected from 14 medical centers.

Proximal protection devices for carotid artery stenting - A benchtop assessment of flow reversal performance.

Background And Purpose: Proximal protection devices, such as TransCarotid Artery Revascularization (TCAR, SilkRoad Medical, Sunnyvale), aim to yield better outcomes in carotid artery stenting (CAS) than distal protection devices by preventing plaque embolization to the brain. However, transfemoral catheters may not fully reverse flow from the external carotid artery (ECA) to the internal carotid artery (ICA). We assess a new balloon-sheath device, Femoral Flow Reversal Access for Carotid Artery Stenting (FFRACAS), for this purpose.

Is the association between infant regulatory problems and trajectories of childhood co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms moderated by early screen media exposure?

Regulatory problems in infancy are associated with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories across childhood, however, it is unknown whether early screen media exposure exacerbates this association. We studied 10,170 individuals from the Growing Up in Ireland '08 cohort. Parents reported on their children's regulatory problems at 9 months, screen media exposure at 3 years, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 3, 5, 7, and 9 years.

The effects of admission hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of certain comorbidities on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes remains largely unexplored. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients treated with MT. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of DM and admission hyperglycemia on MT outcomes.

Risk Factors in Addition to Short and Long-Term Outcomes With Thin Catheter Surfactant Administration Failure in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of thin catheter surfactant administration (TCA) failure and compare short and long-term neonatal outcomes who failed TCA or did not.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study. Infants between 25 and 30 weeks of gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving 200 mg/kg poractant alfa via thin catheter administration were included.

Large Unstained Cells (LUC): A Novel Predictor of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Outcomes in HR+ HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.

: Although CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapies have improved outcomes in HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, predictive biomarkers for treatment response and adverse effects remain limited. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of large unstained cells (LUC), a subset of white blood cells that may reflect immune status or treatment response. : A retrospective analysis of 210 patients with HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors between 2021 and 2024 was conducted.

Reasons, associated factors, and attitudes toward breastfeeding mothers' use of complementary medicine products: a study from Türkiye.

Background: The use of Complementary Medicine Products (CMPs) has been increasing worldwide, including among breastfeeding mothers. This study aims to investigate the reasons and associated factors of CMP use among breastfeeding mothers in Turkey, alongside their attitudes and experiences.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, anonymous online survey between 17 December 2023 and 17 March 2024.

Differentiation between renal cell carcinoma metastases to the pancreas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with renal cell carcinoma on CT or MRI.

Purpose: To determine whether renal cell carcinoma metastases (RCC-Mets) to the pancreas can be differentiated from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in patients with RCC on CT or MRI at presentation.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with biopsy-proven RCC-Mets (n = 102) or PNETs (n = 32) at diagnosis or after nephrectomy for RCC. Inter-observer agreement (Cohen kappa) was assessed in 95 patients with independent reads by two radiologists, with discrepancies resolved by consensus for final analysis.

The Relationship Between Nutrition Habits, BMI, Anxiety, and Seborrheic Dermatitis.

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by unknown etiopathogenesis. It affects skin areas rich in sebaceous glands. There are strong data on the relationship between nutrition habits, body mass index (BMI), psychoemotional status, and sebaceous gland diseases such as acne, rosacea, and androgenetic alopecia.

The Effect of Motivational Interview-Based Education on Nutrition Exercise Behavior, Sedentary Activity Duration, and Anthropometric Outcomes in Obese Adolescents.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of motivational interview-based training on nutrition exercise behavior, sedentary behavior duration, and anthropometric outcomes in adolescents.

Method: This randomized controlled single-blind experimental study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2023. The research sample consisted of 76 adolescents with obesity (intervention: 38 and control: 38) determined by power analysis.

Influence of Vessel Geometry, Flow Conditions, and Thrombin Concentration on Fibrin Accumulation and Cerebral Aneurysm Occlusion After Flow Diversion.

As the number of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters continues to increase, it is important to understand what factors influence not only thrombus formation within the aneurysm cavity but also fibrin accumulation across the device and its associated disruption and blockage of the inflow stream. Both processes contribute to the eventual occlusion of the aneurysm or its continued patency and incomplete occlusion which may require future re-treatment. To investigate fibrin accumulation on flow diverters placed across the neck of cerebral aneurysms, a previously developed computational model that couples flow and fibrin dynamics is used in combination with experimental in vitro models of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters.

High-Pressure Homogenization of Pomegranate Juice: Impact on Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Properties.

Pomegranate is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it is important to maintain the overall quality and bioaccessibility of freshly squeezed pomegranate juices (PJS). The adverse effects of heat treatment on sensory properties and phytochemicals encourage the use of non-thermal processes in the juice industry. Hereby, the effects of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) (50, 100, and 150 MPa) on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity of freshly-squeezed PJS from different genotypes were investigated.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.

Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing spinal cord tuberculoma: A case series and literature review.

Spinal cord tuberculoma is a clinically significant form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, despite its rarity. It leads to considerable neurological deficits and morbidity. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention depend on radiologic imaging, typically MRI, which reveals T2 hypointensity with rim enhancement, forming a ``target sign'' characteristic of caseous stage tuberculoma.

What can we learn from machine learning studies on flow diverter aneurysm embolization? A systematic review.

Background: As the use of flow diverters has expanded in recent years, predicting successful outcomes has become more challenging for certain aneurysms.

Objective: To provide neurointerventionalists with an understanding of the available machine learning algorithms for predicting the success of flow diverters in occluding aneurysms.

Methods: This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the four major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) were screened.

Conditional generative diffusion deep learning for accelerated diffusion tensor and kurtosis imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop DiffDL, a generative diffusion probabilistic model designed to produce high-quality diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics from a reduced set of diffusion-weighted images (DWIs). This model addresses the challenge of prolonged data acquisition times in diffusion MRI while preserving metric accuracy.

Methods: DiffDL was trained using data from the Human Connectome Project, including 300 training/validation subjects and 50 testing subjects.

The Turkish Version of the Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment: Validity and Reliability in Chronic Stroke Survivors.

Background: Evaluation of sensory functions in chronic stroke survivors is essential to plan and implement effective treatment and rehabilitation.

Objective: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment (rNSA-T) in chronic stroke survivors.

Methods: We applied the World Health Organization's translation protocols to develop the rNAS-T.

A Rare Cause of Acute Scrotum: Bilioscrotum After an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Procedure.

Retroperitoneal biloma and accompanying bilioscrotum are very rare entities. A 49-year-old male patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure with the preliminary diagnosis of stone-mud in the common bile duct. On the seventh day after the procedure, diffuse air densities observed around the duodenum and biliary stent protruding beyond the lumen in the non-contrast abdominal computed tomography examination were evaluated as duodenal perforation.

Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience results.

Scientific discoveries often hinge on synthesizing decades of research, a task that potentially outstrips human information processing capacities. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution. LLMs trained on the vast scientific literature could potentially integrate noisy yet interrelated findings to forecast novel results better than human experts.