[Occupation and health of medical workers in Bashkortostan Republic].

Occupational morbidity analysis covered medical staffers of Bashkortostan Republic over 1997-2010. Findings are that health care is an activity with high occupational risk independent on type of medical establishment, speciality and position. In 1999-2005 significant increase of occupational morbidity in Bashkortostan Republic was seen--up to 4 times over average in the Republic.

[Critical level of radiation damage of root apical meristem and mechanisms for its recovery in Pisum sativum L].

The dose dependencies of growth and cytogenetical values have been built to determine the critical level of root apical meristem damage induced by cute irradiation in the range from 2 to 20 Gr. We have analyzed the frequencies of aberrant anaphases and the aberration distribution per cell, on the one hand, and the growth of biomass, the survival and regeneration of the root meristem, on the other hand. The critical level of damage to the stem apical meristem and root of seedlings was defined as 44-48% of aberrant anaphase.

[Regeneration mechanisms of ontogenetic radioadaptation in plants].

Experimental data were obtained that in pea seedlings modified by decapitation of main root had increased radioresistance (radioadaptation), fixed by various parameters of growth activity of lateral roots, and decreased ability to repair sublethal damages, detected by method of acute gamma-irradiation dose fractionation. These facts both with enlargement of dose dependence shoulder in lateral roots of decapitated seedlings led to conclusion that main role in such mechanism of radioadaptation effect of decapitation belongs to supercellular processes such as repopulation and regeneration. Conclusion was confirmed by the additional comparative investigations of cyto- and histological parameters of apical meristems of intact (control) and decapitated (experiment) lateral roots.

[Hygienic evaluation of the risk of man-made environmental influences on human health].

In Ufa, the largest industrial center of oil-refining industry, petrochemistry, and chemistry, a long-term exposure to chemical compounds has resulted in a high chemical load on the body. A previous exposure to high doses and concentrations of a complex of pollutants caused a reduction in the total resistance of the entire population on the territory of the city. The higher mortality rates, including those due to cancer, undoubtedly reflects both the exposure to delayed effects of a complex of chemical compounds, the total level of which exceeded the hygienic standards, and the combined effects of a whole complex of pollutants over 25-30 years.

[Evaluation of the demographic situation in a town with oil refinery and chemical industries].

In recent years the problem of population health has been acquiring the character of a growing threat to national safety. This is grounded first of all on observation of changes in medical demographic indices, especially in ecologically disadvantaged regions among which are the Republic of Bashcortostan and its capital Ufa with large oil refinery and petrochemical enterprises. High population density and numerous oil refineries combined with the unfavorable meteoconditions are the factors of heavy pollution of the area with global and local ecotoxicants.

[Changes in the L-serine and L-threonine dehydrogenase activities in the blood serum of those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station who became ill with chronic acalculous cholecystitis].

Activity was studied of blood serum plasmic enzymes L-serine and L-threonine dehydrogenazes (SDG and ThDG) in 92 liquidators of aftermath of the Chernobyl atomic power plant breakdown, presenting with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis during the stage of moderately severe exacerbation with no clinical and laboratory and sonographic signs of affection of the liver. A quarter of the examinees demonstrated an increased activity of the enzymes under study, which fact is regarded by the authors as a preclinical sign of reactive hepatitis. Recommendations are given as to the outpatient registration and prophylactic management and therapy of those persons having taken part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident, presenting with biliary pathologies.

[Efficacy of antioxidant preparations used for correction of impairment of oxidative homeostasis in Chernobyl liquidators].

The influence of two antioxidative preparations (Vetoron, Morevit) on the parameters of antioxidative system and lipoperoxidative processes in blood of men, who took part in the cleaning up after Chernobyl NPP accident, under the clinical control in the hospital of Scientific Center for Radiation Medicine AMS of Ukraine was studied. It was shown that Morevit (extract of protein-hydrocarboneus concentrate of Mytilis galloprovincialis) is more effective as promoter of normalization lipoperoxidative processes disorders and restoration of antioxidative enzymes activity. The main principles of antioxidative therapy were formulated.

[Therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of zyxorin during poisoning with anticholineesterase pesticides].

Zyxorin (50-100 mg/kg) was found to produce a significant increase of the content (activity) of components of electron transport microsomal circuit and is similar to phenobarbital by its inducing effect. At preventive and therapeutic-preventive administration it enhances resistance of albino rats to anticholinesterase pesticides (actellis, valexon, 0,0-dimethyl-0-2,2-dichlorvinylphosphate, clorofos, hostaquick, dioxycarb, primor, sevine, furadan), prevents the development of neuromuscular blockade. The introduction of zyxorin into a complex therapy with specific agents (atropine, reactivators of cholinesterase) potentiates their antidotic effect at poisoning with DDVP.

[Discovery of endogenous nitric oxide in the mouse liver by electron paramagnetic resonance].

In vivo formation of nitrogen oxide in the mouse liver kept on purely protein diet (casein) was shown by ESR method. This phenomenon is suggested to be conditioned by the oxidation of ammonia accumulated in the organism as a result of desamination of casein amino acids.

[Manifestation of the neurotoxic effect of the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorobutadiene in the postnatal period of ontogeny in the rat].

Daily peroral administration of chlororganic pesticide hexachlorobutadiene in doses 8.1 mg/kg (1/20 LD50) to pregnant rats results in certain ultrastructural changes of neurocytes and myelin fibers of the spinal cord both in the animals and their offspring (newborns and 1-2-month-old rats). By means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method, changes in intensity of the EPR-signals of free radicals in the spinal cord, ceruloplasmin of blood serum have been revealed in the experimental pregnant animals, as well as in 1-month-old rats (in the latter--in the brain, too).

[Effect of benzonal on the liver mono-oxygenase system of laboratory animals].

The data are provided on benzonal as having the properties of the monoxygenase system inducer, evidenced by the shortening of hexenal sleep, increase of the intensity of the epr-signal of cytochrome P-450, activation of lipid peroxidation, carboxylesterase and arylesterase in the liver. The properties of benzonal described can be made use of for increasing the body resistance to the toxic action of xenobiotics.

[Kinetics of the change in the level of metalloproteins and free radicals in the liver of rats with acute poisoning by alkyl derivatives of 2, 4-dinitrophenol].

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study over time metal proteins (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome-c-oxidase, iron and sulfur proteins) and free radicals in rat liver under acute (LD50) oral intoxication with 2,4-dinitro-6-butylphenol and 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol used as pesticides. The authors describe the kinetics of variations in the content of metal proteins and free radicals under the effect of the above-indicated toxic agents. It is assumed that the triggering mechanism of the toxic action of dinitrophenols lies in the inhibition of the function of iron and sulfur proteins.

[Mechanism of the pro-oxidant activity of tetracycline].

It was shown on male rats that like ethanol tetracycline increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hepatocyte membranes, evident from increased levels of diene conjugates and malone dialdehyde in the liver homogenates, especially on their combination. The signal amplitude of the EPR-forms of cytochrome P-450 and Cu-, Mo- and Fe-containing proteins did not change, while the content of the EPR-forms of the free radicals increased. High efficiency of antioxidants, such as tocopherol acetate, sodium selenite and tincture of Astragalus L.

[Manifestations of the neurotoxicity of the organochlorine pesticide dilor during the postnatal period in the rat].

When pregnant rats are administered chlororganic pesticide dilor, certain ultrastructural changes are observed in neurocytes and in myelin fibers, in the spinal cord, that demonstrates some disorders in cellular and tissue metabolism. In the newborn spinal cords a retarded differentiation is observed against the background of an intense cellular metabolism. By means of the electron paramagnetic resonance technique, an increasing concentration of free radicals in the brains and spinal cords of the pregnant animals and in their one-month-old offsprings is demonstrated.

[Biochemical and morphological changes in white rat lung and liver tissues in experimental paraquat poisoning].

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the number of free radicals and pathomorphological changes were studied in lung and liver tissues of white rats with experimental paraquat poisoning. It was shown that SOD activity in the lungs and liver decreased and the number of free radicals rose. The inhibition of SOD activity after repeated administration of paraquat (1/10 of LD50) was more pronounced than in acute poisoning.