Treatment of simple elbow dislocation using an immediate motion protocol.

The results of treatment after closed reduction of elbow dislocation vary. Twenty consecutive patients with closed posterior elbow dislocations were treated prospectively on a rapid motion, nonimmobilized functional regimen. This treatment protocol emphasizes immediate active range of motion under close supervision.

Progression of meniscal degenerative changes in college football players: evaluation with MR imaging.

Intrameniscal degenerative changes, presumably due to mild repetitive trauma, have been shown in many college and professional athletes, but it is uncertain over what period of time they can develop or significantly progress. To ascertain this period, the authors used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to examine one knee in each of 20 players in the starting lineup of a major college football team before and after the season. Only asymptomatic knees (right, n = 10; left, n = 10) were examined; the images were reviewed blindly by one experienced observer without reference to the other examination.

The effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro.

We have previously shown that changes in estrogen-hepatocyte interaction occur during liver regeneration. Following 70% hepatectomy, estrogen levels in the blood were elevated, the number of estrogen receptors in the liver was increased and there was an active translocation of estrogen receptors from the cytosol to the nucleus. The injection of tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, inhibits hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy.

Pharmacologic modulation of experimental postischemic hepatic function.

The present study evaluated and compared the effects of SRI 63-441, a potent platelet activating factor antagonist, superoxide dismutase (SOD), an oxygen free radical scavenger, and ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor on hepatic function after 90 minutes of warm ischemia. After warm ischemia, livers were harvested and underwent 90 minutes of warm, oxygenated, sanguinous perfusion on an isolated liver perfusion apparatus. Pretreatment of donor animals with 20 mg/kg intravenous (I.

Excision of posterolateral talar dome lesions through a medial transmalleolar approach.

Posterolateral osteochondral fractures of the talus are rare. Although arthroscopy is becoming an increasingly important method of evaluating and treating lesions of the ankle, these techniques may not always be feasible, especially for posterolateral lesions. Classic treatment of displaced or symptomatic chronic lesions is excision, usually with a distal fibular osteotomy and turndown procedure.

Response of cultured hepatocytes to a hepatomitogen after initiation by conditioned medium or other factors.

Injection of a substantially purified hepatomitogen into recipient rats that had 40% of their liver removed resulted in a significant stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis as determined by the labeling index and the mitotic index. Normal or sham-operated rats did not respond to the injection of the mitogen. The extraction and partial purification of this hepatomitogen have previously been reported (A.

Improved hepatic function in the 24-hour preserved rat liver with UW-lactobionate solution and SRI 63-441.

The present study compares rat liver preservation for 9, 12, and 24 h in the standard Eurocollins solution with preservation for the same time periods in the new UW-lactobionate solution. Pharmacologic manipulation with a potent platelet-activating factor antagonist, SRI 63-441, was also evaluated. After cold storage in each of the test solutions, the livers underwent 90 min of warm, oxygenated, sanguinous perfusion.

Extraction and partial purification of a hepatic stimulatory substance in rats, mice, and dogs.

A factor has been isolated from weanling rat liver which stimulates in vivo hepatic DNA synthesis in a dose dependent manner when injected into 40% hepatectomized rats. The factor has been partially purified by successive steps, involving ethanol precipitation, ultrafiltration through an Amicon PM 30 membrane, and finally fast protein liquid chromatography, resulting in a 38,000-fold increase in specific activity over that in the original cytosol. The factor contains a few bands in the molecular weight range of 14,000-50,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Different response to epidermal growth factor of hepatocytes in cultures isolated from male or female rat liver. Inhibitor effect of estrogen on binding and mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from the livers of male and female rats has been compared in monolayer culture. Plating efficiency, DNA and protein content, viability, and morphologic appearance were the same in cultures prepared with hepatocytes isolated from male or female rats. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA synthesis was significantly higher in hepatocytes from male rats than in hepatocytes from female rats.

Isolation of an autocrine growth factor from hepatoma HTC-SR cells.

A growth factor has been isolated from HTC-SR rat hepatoma tissue culture cells which specifically stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation of the HTC cells that produce it. The factor can be isolated from HTC cell conditioned medium or from an HTC cell extract. This autocrine factor has been purified 640-fold from a postmicrosomal supernatant by successive steps, involving ethanol precipitation, heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min, chromatography on a DEAE Bio-Gel A column, and chromatography on a heparin-sepharose affinity column.

Epidermal growth factor and proliferation in rat hepatocytes in primary culture isolated at different times after partial hepatectomy.

Primary hepatocyte cultures have been prepared from normal adult rat liver and from rat liver at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following partial hepatectomy (removal of 70% of the liver). Cells were maintained in minimal essential medium alone or supplemented with hormones. Comparing DNA synthesis in normal adult rat hepatocytes with DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from regenerating livers, we found with minimal essential medium alone little DNA synthesis in normal adult rat hepatocytes and in hepatocytes isolated 4, 8, or 12 h after 70% hepatectomy.

A comparison of DNA repair synthesis in primary hepatocytes from young and old rats.

DNA repair synthesis has been compared in primary hepatocyte cultures obtained from 3-month-old and 16-20-month-old rats. Several morphological and metabolic characteristics were determined to assure cultures of comparable quality. DNA damage was induced by the addition of bleomycin or the exposure of the culture to UV irradiation.

Endogenous hepatic growth-modulating factors and effects of a choline-devoid diet and of phenobarbital on hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.

The activities of an endogenous inhibitor and of a stimulator of cell proliferation were assayed in the livers of sham-operated (SO) or partially hepatectomized (PH) adult rats; rats fed a choline-supplemented (CS) or a choline-devoid (CD) diet; the same diets followed by acute CCl4 intoxication; the same diets supplemented with phenobarbital (PHB); or a CD diet containing DL-ethionine (ETH). The inhibitor and the stimulator were semipurified by fractional ethanol precipitation of a liver cytosolic fraction, and their activities were assessed by means of bioassays in vitro. The livers of SO rats and of rats fed the CS diet contained only inhibitor activity.

Discordance between glucokinase activity and insulin and glucagon receptor changes occurring during liver regeneration in the rat.

During regeneration of rat livers following 70% hepatectomy, insulin binding sites on hepatocyte plasma membranes are increased after 24-48 hours, glucagon binding sites are reduced on days 2-8, and the resultant insulin/glucagon binding ratio is markedly increased. An apparent paradox was the finding of a depression of the activity of an insulin associated enzyme, glucokinase, at a time when the number of insulin binding sites was increased.

Estrogen binding protein activity in Morris hepatoma 7777 compared with normal rat liver.

Estrogen binding protein activities were determined in the cytosol from adult male Buffalo rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777. Estrogen receptors were prepared using the protamine sulfate precipitation technique of Chamness. The ability of various unlabeled steroids competing with [3H]estradiol was examined to establish the binding specificity.

Induction of hepatocyte stimulating activity by T3 and appearance of the activity despite inhibition of DNA synthesis by adriamycin.

A hepatocyte stimulating activity (HSA) has been extracted from rats that had received an injection of a pharmacological dose of T3 20 hours earlier. The injection of HSA from T3-treated rats into different recipient rats that had previously had 40% of their liver removed resulted in a significant increase in hepatic DNA synthesis. The injection of saline or HSA from normal rat liver had little or no effect on hepatic DNA synthesis in recipient rats.

Regenerating rat liver: correlations between estrogen receptor localization and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

Estrogen receptor activity was quantitated in the cytosol and nucleus of normal rat liver and in regenerating rat liver at several time intervals after 75% hepatectomy. Cytosolic estradiol binding in regenerating liver decreases at 12, 24, and 48 h after hepatectomy and at 48 h is 30% of that in normal rat liver. Nuclear estrogen binding 48 h after surgery is elevated fivefold over normal values.

Partial characterization of specific nuclear triiodothyronine binding sites in two transplantable Morris hepatomas in the rat.

Binding sites for 3,3' -5-triiodo-L-thyronine are shown to be present in nuclei prepared from either the 5123tc or the 7777 minimal-deviation murine hepatomas. Certain of the apparent in vivo characteristics of these binding proteins in the hepatomas were found to differ from those seen in host liver nuclei. The maximal binding capacities of these binding sites in the tumors were found to be 60% of that in host rat liver nuclei, and the percent-occupancy in vivo somewhat elevated in the tumors.

Synthesis of an hypothesis advocating a prominent role for the thyroid hormones in mammalian liver cell proliferation in vivo.

This review summarizes the accumulating evidence supporting a conspicuous role for the thyroid hormones and/or hepatic levels of nuclear T3-binding sites in hepatocytes proliferation in vivo. The hepatic nuclear binding sites for the iodothyronines were first described in 1972. Comparing a number of observations made on the hepatic levels of these nuclear T3-binding sites with models of liver cell proliferation, a striking relationship is now beginning to emerge.

Correlation of circulating levels of a serum protein with triiodothyronine levels and hepatoma growth.

In this communication, we provide evidence that proliferation of transplantable Morris hepatoma 7777 might to some extent be regulated by triiodothyronine and/or a specific serum protein, the levels of which are correlated with levels of triiodothyronine. The protein has an estimated molecular weight of 80,000 and migrates as one band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In normal rats, this protein accounts for approximately 1% of the total serum protein.

Amounts of triiodothyronine and a serum protein related to hepatic DNA synthesis in the rat.

The increase of a serum protein in the circulation of rats following partial hepatectomy or the injection of thyroid hormone (T3) is reported. This serum protein factor is present in normal rat serum and accounts for approximately 1% of the total serum protein. The protein disappears from the serum of animals bearing Morris hepatomas 7777 or 7800.