Stretched Vascular Endothelial Cells Polarized Neutrophils to N2 Type via TRPC1-IL13-STAT3 Axis.

Objective: VECs play a crucial role in regulating the function of neutrophils, which is essential for immune responses and inflammation. As stretch-sensitive cells, VECs sense mechanical stretch through surface mechanoreceptors, converting external mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of neutrophil behavior by stretched VECs.

Comparison of functional impairments and discomfort with bonded labial and lingual orthodontic appliances - a questionnaire survey.

Objective: To compare the levels of functional impairments, discomfort and satisfaction experienced by those treated with full-mouth customized lingual appliances (Lingual appliances), full-mouth self-ligating bracket (Labial appliances), or upper lingual and lower labial appliances (Mixed appliances) using questionnaires.

Materials And Methods: Patients within one year of the end of treatment were included in the survey and given a questionnaire concerning different kinds of discomfort and difficulties during the treatment process. The questionnaires focused on the following aspects including speech difficulty, pain (lip, cheek or tongue), difficulty in chewing, difficulty in tooth brushing and overall aesthetics and comfortability.

Synergistic effect of ultrasound and reinforced electrical environment by bioinspired periosteum for enhanced osteogenesis via immunomodulation of macrophage polarization through Piezo1.

The periosteum plays a vital role in repairing bone defects. Researchers have demonstrated the existence of electrical potential in the periosteum and native bone, indicating that electrical signals are essential for functional bone regeneration. However, the clinical use of external electrical treatments has been limited due to their inconvenience and inefficacy.

Deep learning for virtual orthodontic bracket removal: tool establishment and application.

Objective: We aimed to develop a tool for virtual orthodontic bracket removal based on deep learning algorithms for feature extraction from bonded teeth and to demonstrate its application in a bracket position assessment scenario.

Materials And Methods: Our segmentation network for virtual bracket removal was trained using dataset A, containing 978 bonded teeth, 20 original teeth, and 20 brackets generated by scanners. The accuracy and segmentation time of the network were tested by dataset B, which included an additional 118 bonded teeth without knowing the original tooth morphology.

Neutrophils are involved in early bone formation during midpalatal expansion.

Objective: Midpalatal expansion (MPE) is routinely employed to treat transverse maxillary arch deficiency. Neutrophils are indispensable for recruiting bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) at the initial stage of bone regeneration. This study aimed to explore whether neutrophils participate in MPE and how they function during bone formation under mechanical stretching.

The psc-CVM assessment system: A three-stage type system for CVM assessment based on deep learning.

Background: Many scholars have proven cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method can predict the growth and development and assist in choosing the best time for treatment. However, assessing CVM is a complex process. The experience and seniority of the clinicians have an enormous impact on judgment.

Matrix mechanics regulate the polarization state of bone marrow-derived neutrophils through the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Matrix mechanics regulate essential cell behaviors through mechanotransduction, and as one of its most important elements, substrate stiffness was reported to regulate cell functions such as viability, communication, migration, and differentiation. Neutrophils (Neus) predominate the early inflammatory response and initiate regeneration. The activation of Neus can be regulated by physical cues; however, the functional alterations of Neus by substrate stiffness remain unknown, which is critical in determining the outcomes of engineered tissue mimics.

Evaluation of optimal single-photon emission computed tomography reference value and three-dimensional mandibular growth pattern in 54 Chinese unilateral condylar hyperplasia patients.

Background: The research aimed to evaluate the optimal Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) cut-off value in differentiating condylar growth activeness, to observe 3-dimensional (3D) mandibular growth pattern, and to explore the potential correlation between 3D measurement parameters and SPECT uptake ratios in Chinese unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) patients.

Methods:  Data of fifty-four Chinese UCH patients were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent SPECT within 1 month before or after the first CT examination (CT1); and received a second CT examination at least 12 months later (CT2).

Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Promote Bone Regeneration Accelerating Osteogenesis of BMSCs through T Cell-Derived IL-22.

Manipulations of morphological properties of nanobiomaterials have been demonstrated to modulate the outcome of osteoimmunomodulation and eventually osteogenesis through innate immune response. However, the functions and mechanisms of adaptive immune cells in the process of nanobiomaterials-mediated bone regeneration have remained unknown. Herein, we developed bone-mimicking hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods with different aspect ratios as model materials to investigate the impacts of the nanoshape features on osteogenesis and to explore the underlying mechanisms focusing on the functions of T cells and T cell-derived cytokines.

Aberrant Fluid Shear Stress Contributes to Articular Cartilage Pathogenesis via Epigenetic Regulation of ZBTB20 by H3K4me3.

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease for human beings, characterized by severe inflammation, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone destruction. However, current therapies are limited to relieving pain or joint replacement and no effective treatment methods have been discovered to improve degenerative changes. Currently, a variety of evidences have indicated that aberrant mechanical stimuli is closely associated with articular joint pathogenesis, while the detailed underlying mechanism remains unelucidated.

6-Shogaol promotes bone resorption and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement through the JNK-NFATc1 signaling axis.

Introduction: Corticotomy is widely used in clinical practice to accelerate tooth movement and shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment. It is effective, but an invasive surgery is needed to induce alveolar bone osteopenia that enable rapid tooth movement. In this study, we discovered the potential of 6-shogaol as a more patient-friendly non-invasive alternative to induce transient osteopenia and accelerate tooth movement.

Stimulating Factors and Origins of Precursor Cells in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification Around the Temporomandibular Joint in Mice.

The contributing factors and the origins of precursor cells in traumatic heterotopic ossification around the temporomandibular joint (THO-TMJ), which causes obvious restriction of mouth opening and maxillofacial malformation, remain unclear. In this study, our findings demonstrated that injured chondrocytes in the condylar cartilage, but not osteoblasts in the injured subchondral bone, played definite roles in the development of THO-TMJ in mice. Injured condylar chondrocytes without articular disc reserves might secrete growth factors, such as IGF1 and TGFβ2, that stimulate precursor cells, such as endothelial cells and muscle-derived cells, to differentiate into chondrocytes or osteoblasts and induce THO-TMJ.

The Transcription Factor Foxc1 Promotes Osteogenesis by Directly Regulating Runx2 in Response of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Treatment.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial for bone remodeling. Intermittent PTH (1-34) administration stimulates osteogenesis and promotes bone formation; however, the possible targets and underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, functional links between PTH and Foxc1, a transcription factor reported to be predominant in skeletal development and formation, were indicated.

Cytochalasin D Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via p38-MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Background: Bone defect caused by trauma, tumor resection, infection or congenital malformation is a common clinical disease. Bone tissue engineering is regarded as a promising way of bone defect reconstruction. Thus, agents that can promote osteogenesis have received great attention.

Development process of traumatic heterotopic ossification of the temporomandibular joint in mice.

Purpose: The exact development process underlying traumatic heterotopic ossification of the temporomandibular joint (THO-TMJ) is largely unclear. In this study, we try to explore the histological development process of THO-TMJ.

Materials And Methods: Condylar cartilage of one-month-old male mice was partially removed from the left joint with small scissors to induce THO-TMJ.

Effects of a single condylar neck fracture without condylar cartilage injury on traumatic heterotopic ossification around the temporomandibular joint in mice.

Objectives: In this study, we tried to explore the effects of a single condylar neck fracture without condylar cartilage injury during the pathogenesis process of traumatic heterotopic ossification around the temporomandibular joint (THO-TMJ).

Study Design: One-month-old C57 BL/6 J male mice were divided into 2 groups. In group 1, condylar cartilage was partially removed in the right joint to induce THO.

Mechanical strain promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomized rats via the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway.

Osteoporosis has become an overwhelming public health problem worldwide. As an elementary physiological factor to regulate bone formation and regeneration, mechanical strain may be used as a non‑invasive intervention in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism.

Postnatal Development of the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis: A Histological Analysis.

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) in cranial base is an important growth center for the craniofacial skeleton, and also is a guide rail for development of the maxilla, midface, and mandible. Previous studies showed that SOS may be a treatment target for youngsters with midfacial hypoplasia and small cranial vault secondary to craniosynostosis. However, most of studies about the SOS are based on imaging data.

Dental and periodontal phenotypes of Dlx2 overexpression in mice.

Distal-less homeobox 2 (Dlx2) is a member of the homeodomain family of transcription factors and is important for the development of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs)‑derived craniofacial tissues. Previous studies revealed that Dlx2 was expressed in the cementum and a targeted null mutation disrupted tooth development in mice. However, whether Dlx2 overexpression may impair in vivo tooth morphogenesis remains to be elucidated.

Subcutaneous C Shape Muscular Flap for Correcting the Depression of Alar Base in Affected Side in Patients With Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip/Palate During Primary Surgery.

Purpose: The depression of alar base in affected side in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate (CL/P) is one of common clinical features. In this study, the authors try to explore the effect of subcutaneous C shape muscular flap for correcting the depression of alar base in affected side in patients with unilateral complete CL/P during primary surgery.

Methods: A total of 30 patients with unilateral complete CL/P who received primary correction of the lip nose deformity were included in this study.

[The effect of Foxc2 overexpression on the osteogenic properties of C3H10T1/2 cells].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Foxc2 overexpression on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Methods: C3H10T1/2 cells were transfected with plenti-Foxc2 and selected with puromycin for stable clones. The expression of Foxc2 was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.

Overexpression of Dlx2 leads to postnatal condyle degradation.

Distal-less homeobox 2 (Dlx2), a member of the Dlx family of transcription factors, is important for the development of craniofacial tissues. Previous studies based on knock‑out mutant mice revealed that Dlx2 primarily disturbed the development of tissues from maxillary arch. The present study used a transgenic mouse model to specifically overexpress Dlx2 in neural crest cells in order to investigate the role of Dlx2 overexpression in post‑natal condyle in mice.

Injured condylar cartilage leads to traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Purpose: The exact mechanisms of traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TTMJA) are largely unknown. In this study, we explore the role of injured condylar cartilage in the development of TTMJA.

Material And Methods: One-month-old male mice were divided into two groups.

[The effect of estrogen on adipogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells].

Purpose: In this study, 10⁻⁹ mol/L 17 β-estradiol (E2) was applied in the adipogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and the effect of E2 was explored.

Methods: Rat BMSCs were obtained from the femurs and tibias of SD rats. 10⁻⁹ mol/L E2 was involved in the adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs.

[The effect of estrogen on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells].

Purpose: Different concentrations of 17 β-estradiol (E2) were applied in the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs were explored.

Methods: BMSCs were obtained from the femurs and tibias of SD rats. The proliferation curve was conducted to rBMSCs in culture medium containing 0, 10(-9), and 10(-7) mol/L 17 β-estradiol by CCK-8 for 7 days.