Geometric Morphometrics and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chalcidoidea ( and ) at Various Elevations.

Eulophidae and Pteromalidae are parasitic wasps with a global distribution and import for the biological control of pests. They can be distributed in different altitude regions, but their morphological and genetic adaptations to different altitudes are unclear. Here, we collected specimens that belong to Eulophidae and Pteromalidae from various altitudinal gradients, based on integrated taxonomic approaches to determine the species composition, and we analyzed their body shape and size from different altitudes using geometric morphometrics.

One Step beyond Species Description: Unveiling a Fine-Scale Diversity within the Genus Kostjukov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

Although Chalcidoidea is one of the megadiverse superfamilies in Hymenoptera, numerous species are still being discovered and described. However, the difficulties in delimiting intra- and interspecific variation hinder this process. In this study, DNA barcoding methods using the COI gene were employed to investigate the morphological variation within Kostjukov, 1977.

Analysis of Genes Associated with Feeding Preference and Detoxification in Various Developmental Stages of .

Herbivorous insects and host plants have developed a close and complex relationship over a long period of co-evolution. Some plants provide nutrients for insects, but plants' secondary metabolites also influence their growth and development. roots and leaves are poisonous, yet larvae feed on them, so we aimed to clarify the mechanism enabling this interaction.