Intraocular penetration of rifampin in humans.

The penetration of rifampin into human aqueous humor was determined in 15 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Between 0.9 and 5.

Chemical and visual stability of amphotericin B in 5% dextrose injection stored at 4 degrees C for 35 days.

The chemical and visual stability of amphotericin B in 5% dextrose injection under refrigeration was assessed. Three admixtures of amphotericin B 0.1 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and three admixtures of amphotericin B 0.

Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers after administration of intravenous loading and maintenance doses.

Teicoplanin is an investigational glycopeptide antibiotic that is structurally and microbiologically similar to vancomycin. Since teicoplanin possesses a very long elimination half-life, the manufacturer suggests that the drug be administered every 12 h for the first day of therapy and once daily thereafter. We studied the multiple-dose (6 mg/kg per dose) pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in volunteers following intravenous administration every 12 h for 5 days and then every 24 h for 9 days in an attempt to identify the optimal duration of the every-12-h loading-dose regimen.

Metabolism and the fluoroquinolones.

Quinolones differ considerably with respect to the relative importance of nonrenal drug elimination mechanisms. The extent to which the fluoroquinolones undergo biotransformation in the liver ranges from approximately 50 percent for pefloxacin to about 6 percent for ofloxacin. Although glucuronide conjugates have been identified as minor metabolites for some agents, most metabolic reactions involving quinolones occur through microsomal oxidative mechanisms at the cytochrome P-450 site.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefotetan and cefoxitin in patients undergoing hysterectomies and colorectal operations.

Forty patients undergoing hysterectomy and 16 patients undergoing colorectal surgery were given intravenous 2 g doses of cefotetan (20 in the hysterectomy group and 8 in the colorectal group) or cefoxitin (20 in the hysterectomy and 8 in the colorectal group) before surgery. Serum samples were obtained simultaneously with tissue samples. Concentrations of each drug in serum and tissue were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Patient-controlled analgesia using butorphanol for postoperative pain relief: an open-label study.

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been studied extensively for the treatment of postoperative pain using narcotic analgesics. Butorphanol, a nonnarcotic injectable analgesic, has not previously been investigated using this drug delivery mechanism. Twenty-five patients undergoing general abdominal surgery and general anesthesia used a PCA device with butorphanol as the analgesic agent.