Molecular Characteristics of Bladder Tumor: Increased Gene Expression of MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 with Decreased MicroRNA-34a and MicroRNA-125b.

Bladder cancer is recognized as one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. Activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and dysregulation of androgen signaling pathways are three major pathophysiological causes in the development of bladder tumors. Discovering potential biomarkers is required for the management and immunotherapy of bladder cancer.

Overexpression of long intergenic noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer: A new insight to cancer diagnosis.

There is increasing evidence that show long noncoding RNAs including long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) play a pivotal regulatory role in the biological processes. Differential expression of lincRNAs can be utilized for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Little is known about their expressions in urothelial tumors.

Dysregulated Expression of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs (LincRNAs) in Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma.

Long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) has been introduced as key regulators of diverse biological processes, including transcription, chromatin organization, cell growth and tumorigenesis. With regard to the potential role of lincRNAs in cancer development, one may postulate that differential expression of lincRNAs could be employed as a tool in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. In this study, we aimed to explore the putative correlation between the expression levels of two lincRNAs: and in the bladder cancer (BC), in comparison with its adjacent non-cancerous tissue.

Differential Expression of FGFRs Signaling Pathway Components in Bladder Cancer: A Step Toward Personalized Medicine.

Variations Improper activation and inappropriate expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors () in cancer suggests that they can act as therapeutic targets. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors are currently employed in clinical trials of different cancers. Regarding the essence and the importance of the personalized medicine, mainly mirrored by remarkable inter-individual variations in different populations, we aimed to perform a pilot study to address and expression levels and their correlation with the clinicopathological features in Iranian patients with bladder cancer (BC).

High Resolution Melting Analysis for Rapid Detection of PIK3CA Gene Mutations in Bladder Cancer: A Mutated Target for Cancer Therapy.

Purpose: PIK3CA gene mutations have clinical importance and their presence is associated with therapy response. They are also considered as a molecule for targeted therapy. As regards to their importance, genetic variation within a population as well as among different populations, this study was conducted to detect common mutations of exons 9 and 20 and other probable mutations in PIK3CA gene as well as their frequencies in Iranian bladder cancer patients.

Expression of two testis-specific genes, SPATA19 and LEMD1, in prostate cancer.

Background And Aims: Screening methods for early detection of prostate cancer have some limitations regarding specificity and sensitivity, so there is a continuing search to find new cancer biomarkers. Cancer-testis genes are a group of genes with expression almost limited to testis and different kinds of tumors. Since testis is an immune privileged site, if these genes are expressed in tumors, they can be immunogenic.

Association of TGIFLX/Y mRNA expression with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of solid tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related death of men living in the developed world. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer development and/or progression have been intensely studied and several genes have been identified. TGIFLX/Y (TGIFLX and TGIFLY) are members of the homeobox superfamily of genes whose function(s) is unknown.

Association of TGIFLX/Y mRNA expression with azoospermia in infertile men.

HOX genes are well-known to encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that play essential roles in directing embryonic development. TGIFLX/Y contains two genes, TGIFLX (X-linked) and TGIFLY (Y-linked), which are specifically expressed in human adult testes. The function(s) of these genes in normal and abnormal development are unknown.

Molecular analysis of the SMN1 and NAIP genes in Iranian patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Introduction: Childhood-onset proximal spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are an autosomal recessive, clinically heterogeneous group of neuropathies characterised by the selective degeneration of anterior horn cells. SMA has an estimated incidence of 1 in 10,000 live births. The causative genes are survival motor neuron (SMN) gene and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene.