Nicotinamide enhances myelin production after demyelination through reduction of astrogliosis and microgliosis.

Caloric restriction is the chronic reduction of total caloric intake without malnutrition and has attracted a lot of attention as, among multiple other effects, it attenuates demyelination and stimulates remyelination. In this study we have evaluated the effect of nicotinamide (NAM), a well-known caloric restriction mimetic, on myelin production upon demyelinating conditions. NAM is the derivative of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) and a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a ubiquitous metabolic cofactor.

Succinate mediates inflammation-induced adrenocortical dysfunction.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in response to inflammation leading to increased production of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex, thereby representing an endogenous feedback loop. However, severe inflammation reduces the responsiveness of the adrenal gland to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show by transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses that LPS-induced systemic inflammation triggers profound metabolic changes in steroidogenic adrenocortical cells, including downregulation of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, in mice.

Secondary Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Collected in the Red Sea.

The chemical investigation of the organic extract of the red alga collected from Hurghada reef in the Red Sea resulted in the isolation of five C acetogenins, including four tricyclic ones of the maneonene type (-) and a 5-membered one (), 15 sesquiterpenes, including seven lauranes (-), one cuparane (), one -laurane (), one snyderane (), two chamigranes (, ), two rearranged chamigranes (, ) and one aristolane (), as well as a tricyclic diterpene () and a chlorinated fatty acid derivative (). Among them, compounds -, , , , , and are new natural products. The structures and the relative configurations of the isolated natural products have been established based on extensive analysis of their NMR and MS data, while the absolute configuration of maneonenes F () and G () was determined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Collagen-Containing Fish Sidestream-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Support Skin Repair via Chemokine Induction.

Restoring homeostasis following tissue damage requires a dynamic and tightly orchestrated sequence of molecular and cellular events that ensure repair and healing. It is well established that nutrition directly affects skin homeostasis, while malnutrition causes impaired tissue healing. In this study, we utilized fish sidestream-derived protein hydrolysates including fish collagen as dietary supplements, and investigated their effect on the skin repair process using a murine model of cutaneous wound healing.

Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Activation.

Macrophages, the central mediators of innate immune responses, being in the first-line of defense, they have to readily respond to pathogenic or tissue damage signals to initiate the inflammatory cascade. Such rapid responses require energy to support orchestrated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and activation of phagocytosis. Being a cell type that is present in diverse environments and conditions, macrophages have to adapt to different nutritional resources.

Fish Sidestream-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Suppress DSS-Induced Colitis by Modulating Intestinal Inflammation in Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by extensive intestinal inflammation, and therapies against the disease target suppression of the inflammatory cascade. Nutrition has been closely linked to the development and suppression of inflammatory bowel disease, which to a large extent is attributed to the complex immunomodulatory properties of nutrients. Diets containing fish have been suggested to promote health and suppress inflammatory diseases.

Diet Supplementation with Fish-Derived Extracts Suppresses Diabetes and Modulates Intestinal Microbiome in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity.

Metabolic syndrome-related diseases affect millions of people worldwide. It is well established that changes in nutritional habits and lifestyle can improve or prevent metabolic-related pathologies such as type-2 diabetes and obesity. Previous reports have shown that nutritional supplements have the capacity to limit glucose intolerance and suppress diabetes development.