Significance of bone morphology and quality on the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants: in vitro comparison between human bone substitute and artificial bone.

Aim: This study evaluated artificial bone models against a human bone substitute to assess the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) at varying implant sites with different morphologies and qualities.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1200 OMI placements of four types were inserted into four artificial bone models of different density (D1, D2, D3, D4) and into a human bone substitute (HB). The implants varied in diameter (2.