CuCl PET Imaging of 4T1-Related Allograft of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mice.

CuCl is an economic radiotracer for oncologic PET investigations. In the present study, we characterized the uptake of CuCl in vivo by µPET/CT in an allograft 4T1-related mouse model (BALB/c) of advanced breast cancer. F-FDG was used as a comparator.

Heptadentate chelates for Zr-radiolabelling of monoclonal antibodies.

Herein, we report the synthesis of three new bifunctional heptadentate metal ion binding chelates derived from desferrioxamine B (DFO) linked to a tripeptide unit that comprises of a glutamic acid and two glycine residues. The three DFO derivatives were also functionalised with a photoactivatable aryl azide unit for light-triggered labelling of proteins. The chelates were obtained in 3 synthetic steps in good overall yields by using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).

Electrodes in external electrohysterography: a systematic literature review.

Background: In low-income countries, pregnant women do not have easy access to health care, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. In this context, they can be surprised by the uterine contractions that precede childbirth and sometimes find themselves giving birth at home or on the way to the nearest health facility (located miles away from their home). In view of the development of an external uterine electrohysterogram acquisition system for labour prediction, a review of the literature on electrodes and their characteristics is necessary.

Comparison of the [F]-FDG and [F]-FLT PET Tracers in the Evaluation of the Preclinical Proton Therapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: The main objective of the present study was to compare the 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]-FDG) and 3'-[F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([F]-FLT) PET imaging biomarkers for the longitudinal follow-up of small animal proton therapy studies in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Procedures: SK-HEP-1 cells were injected into NMRI nude mice to mimic human HCC. The behavior of [F]-FDG and [F]-FLT tumor uptake was evaluated after proton therapy procedures.

Imaging thrombosis with Tc-labeled RAM.1-antibody in vivo.

Introduction: Platelets play a major role in thrombo-embolic diseases, notably by forming a thrombus that can ultimately occlude a vessel. This may provoke ischemic pathologies such as myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral artery diseases, which represent the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of radiolabeled Rat-Anti-Mouse antibody (RAM.

Dramatic Changes in the Solubilities of Ions Induced by Ligand Addition in Biphasic System D2O/DNO3//[C1C4im][Tf2N]: A Phenomenological Study.

The solubilities of C1C4im(+) and Tf2N(-) in nitric aqueous phases have been measured for several ligand types and concentrations (0.04 M tributylphosphine oxide, 0.05 M N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dibutylmalonamide, 0.

Automated and efficient radiosynthesis of [(18)F]FLT using a low amount of precursor.

Introduction: Since 1991 until now, many radiosyntheses of [(18)F]FLT have been published. Most of them suffer from side reactions and/or difficult purification related to the large amount of precursor necessary for the labeling step. A fully automated synthesis using only commercial and unmodified materials with a reduced amount of precursor would be desirable.

Insights into the mechanism of extraction of uranium (VI) from nitric acid solution into an ionic liquid by using tri-n-butyl phosphate.

We present new results on the liquid-liquid extraction of uranium (VI) from a nitric acid aqueous phase into a tri-n-butyl phosphate/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TBP/[C4 mim][Tf2 N]) phase. The individual solubilities of the ionic-liquid ions in the upper part of the biphasic system are measured over the whole acidic range and as a function of the TBP concentration. New insights into the extraction mechanism are obtained through the in situ characterization of the extracted uranyl complexes by coupling UV/Vis and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy.

Phosphonated chelates for nuclear imaging.

A series of bis-, tris- and tetra-phosphonated pyridine ligands is presented. In view of their potential use as chelates for radiopharmaceutical applications, the physico-chemical properties of the ligands and of their Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were studied by means of potentiometry and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The pKa values of the ligands and of the complexes, as well as the stability constants for the formation of the complexes, are presented.

Optimal multiobjective design of digital filters using spiral optimization technique.

The multiobjective design of digital filters using spiral optimization technique is considered in this paper. This new optimization tool is a metaheuristic technique inspired by the dynamics of spirals. It is characterized by its robustness, immunity to local optima trapping, relative fast convergence and ease of implementation.

Potent calcium phosphate nanoparticle surface coating for in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery: a step toward multifunctional nanovectors.

The present study describes hybrid nanoparticles, built by alternate deposition of siRNA and modified polyethyleneimine (tyrosine-grafted PEI or tyrosine/galactose-grafted PEI) on calcium phosphate nanoparticles. These "easy to produce" nanoparticles (NPs) present an efficient gene silencing effect demonstrated in vitro in a luciferase expressing cell culture model and in vivo in a tumour xenograft mouse model. The luciferase gene silencing percentage reached up to 95% in vitro with biocompatible doses of siRNA.

Is a universal model to describe liquid-liquid extraction of cations by use of ionic liquids in reach?

A general chemical model describing the extraction mechanism of cations from an acidified aqueous phase toward an ionic liquid phase in which an extracting agent is dissolved is proposed. On this basis, fits are made which recover very satisfactorily the variation of the distribution ratio as a function of [HNO(3)] for several experimental data sets from the literature. This chemical model is discussed and compared to another model.

Comparison of uranyl extraction mechanisms in an ionic liquid by use of malonamide or malonamide-functionalized ionic liquid.

The extraction of uranyl from acidic (HNO(3)) aqueous solutions toward an ionic liquid phase, C(1)-C(4)-imTf(2)N (1-methyl,3-butylimidazolium Tf(2)N), has been investigated as a function of initial acid concentration and ligand concentration for two different extracting moieties: a classical malonamide, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dibutylmalonamide (DMDBMA) and a functionalized IL composed of the Tf(2)N(-) anion and an imidazolium cation on which a malonamide pattern has been grafted (FIL-MA). The extraction mechanism, as demonstrated through the influence of added C(1)-C(4)-imCl or added LiTf(2)N in the aqueous phase, is slightly different between the DMDBMA and FIL-MA extracting agents. Modeling of the extraction data evidences a double extraction mechanism, with cation exchange of UO(2)(2+)versus 2 H(+) for DMDBMA or versus C(1)-C(4) -im(+) and H(+) for FIL-MA at low acidic values, and through anion exchange of [UO(2)(NO(3))(3)](-)versus Tf(2)N(-) for both ligands at high HNO(3) concentrations.

Evidence for the formation of UO2(NO3)4(2-) in an ionic liquid by EXAFS.

The complexation between uranium(vi) and nitrate ions in a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), namely [BMI][NO(3)] (BMI = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium(+)), is investigated by EXAFS spectroscopy. It was performed by dissolution of uranyl nitrate UO(2)(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O or UO(2)(Tf(2)N)(2) (Tf(2)N = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (CF(3)SO(2))(2)N(-)). The formation of the complex UO(2)(NO(3))(4)(2-) is evidenced.

Perrhenate complexation by uranyl in traditional solvents and in ionic liquids: a joint molecular dynamics/spectroscopic study.

The complexation of perrhenate (ReO(4)(-)) anions by the uranyl (UO(2)(2+)) cation has been investigated by joint molecular dynamics simulations and spectroscopic (UV-vis, TRLFS, and EXAFS) studies in aqueous solution, acetonitrile, and three ionic liquids (ILs), namely, [Bmi][Tf(2)N], [Me(3)BuN][Tf(2)N], and [Bu(3)MeN][Tf(2)N] that are based on the same Tf(2)N(-) anion (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and either Bmi(+) (1-butyl,3-methylimidazolium), Me(3)BuN(+), or Bu(3)MeN(+) cations. They show that ReO(4)(-) behaves as a weak ligand in aqueous solution and as a strong ligand in acetonitrile and in the ILs. According to MD simulations in aqueous solution, the UO(2)(ReO(4))(2) complex quickly dissociates to form UO(2)(H(2)O)(5)(2+), while in acetonitrile, a stable UO(2)(ReO(4))(5)(3-) species forms from dissociated ions.

Liquid-liquid extraction of actinides, lanthanides, and fission products by use of ionic liquids: from discovery to understanding.

Liquid-liquid extraction of actinides and lanthanides by use of ionic liquids is reviewed, considering, first, phenomenological aspects, then looking more deeply at the various mechanisms. Future trends in this developing field are presented.

In silico design of new ionic liquids based on quantitative structure-property relationship models of ionic liquid viscosity.

This work is devoted to establishing a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) between the chemical structure of ionic liquids (ILs) and their viscosity followed by computer-aided design of new ILs possessing desirable viscosity. The modeling was performed using back-propagation artificial neural networks on a set of 99 ILs at 25 °C, covering a large viscosity range from 3 to 800 cP. The ISIDA fragment descriptors were used to encode molecular structures of ILs.

Competitive complexation of nitrates and chlorides to uranyl in a room temperature ionic liquid.

By coupling EXAFS, UV-vis spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations, we studied the competitive complexation of uranyl cations with nitrate and chloride ions in a water immiscible ionic liquid (IL), C(4)mimTf(2)N (C(4)mim(+): 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium; Tf(2)N(-) = (CF(3)SO(2))(2)N)(-): bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). Both nitrate and chloride are stronger ligands for uranyl than the IL Tf(2)N(-) or triflate anions and when those anions are simultaneously present, neither the limiting complex UO(2)(NO(3))(3)(-) nor UO(2)Cl(4)(2-) alone could be observed. At a U/NO(3)/Cl ratio of 1/2/2, the dominant species is likely UO(2)Cl(NO(3))(2)(-).

Effect of prior treatment with resveratrol on density and structure of rat long bones under tail-suspension.

Physical inactivity during space flight or prolonged bed rest causes rapid and marked loss of bone mass in humans. Resveratrol, a red wine polyphenol that is currently under study for its therapeutic antioxidant properties, has been shown to significantly modulate biomarkers of bone metabolism, i.e.

Determination of successive complexation constants in an ionic liquid: complexation of UO(2)(2+) with NO(3)(-) in C(4)-mimTf(2)N studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

The complexation of UO(2)(2+) with NO(3)(-) has been investigated in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide by UV-vis spectroscopy at T = 18.5 degrees C. The complexation is evidenced through the appearance of four peaks at 425, 438, 453, and 467 nm.

Uranyl coordination in ionic liquids: the competition between ionic liquid anions, uranyl counterions, and Cl- anions investigated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and UV-visible spectroscopies and molecular dynamics simulations.

The first coordination sphere of the uranyl cation in room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) results from the competition between its initially bound counterions, the IL anions, and other anions (e.g., present as impurities or added to the solution).

Task-specific ionic liquids bearing 2-hydroxybenzylamine units: synthesis and americium-extraction studies.

The synthesis of two task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) bearing 2-hydroxybenzylamine entities is described. These compounds are based on an imidazolium substructure onto which one hydrobenzylamine-complexing moiety is grafted. We have demonstrated that, whether pure or diluted, TSIL is able to extract americium ions.

Extraction of lanthanides from aqueous solution by using room-temperature ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide in conjunction.

For the first time, the study of a three-step extraction system of water/ionic liquid/supercritical CO2 has been performed. Extraction of trivalent lanthanum and europium from an aqueous nitric acid solution to a supercritical CO2 phase via an imidazolium-based ionic liquid phase is demonstrated, and extraction efficiencies higher than 87 % were achieved. The quantitative extraction is obtained by using different fluorinated beta-diketones with and without the addition of tri(n-butyl)phosphate.

Europium(III) and its halides in anhydrous room-temperature imidazolium-based ionic liquids: a combined TRES, EXAFS, and molecular dynamics study.

Combining spectroscopic techniques (TRES and EXAFS) and molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the state of trivalent europium dissolved in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), as a function of the RTIL anion and in the presence of added chloride anions. The studied RTILs are based on the 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (Bumim+) cation and differ by their anionic counterparts: BF4-, PF6-, Tf- (triflate, CF3SO3-), and Tf2N- [(CF3SO2)2N-]. The results show the strong influence of the RTIL nature on the first solvation shell of europium and on its complexation with chloride.