Detection of gluten peptides in human duodenal fluids with immuno-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Gluten proteins are storage proteins in wheat that exhibit a certain resistance to gastrointestinal digestion. To explore solutions to cope with accidental ingestion of gluten in individuals suffering from gluten-related disorders, it is essential to monitor the fate of gluten peptides in biological samples, , gastrointestinal juices, blood plasma or urine. In this work, we aimed at developing a mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for measuring gluten peptides in human duodenal fluids.

A Combination of Acetate, Propionate, and Butyrate Increases Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes.

Background: Dietary fibers are subjected to saccharolytic fermentation by the gut microbiota, leading to the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs act as signaling molecules to different cells in the human body including skeletal muscle cells. The ability of SCFAs to induce multiple signaling pathways, involving nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), may contribute to the redox balance, and thereby may be involved in glucose homeostasis.

Intraoperative Quantification of MDS-UPDRS Tremor Measurements Using 3D Accelerometry: A Pilot Study.

The most frequently used method for evaluating tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the internationally standardized Movement Disorder Society—Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). However, the MDS-UPDRS is associated with limitations, such as its inherent subjectivity and reliance on experienced raters. Objective motor measurements using accelerometry may overcome the shortcomings of visually scored scales.

Strong π-stacking causes unusually large anisotropic thermal expansion and thermochromism.

π-stacking in ground-state dimers/trimers/tetramers of -butoxyphenyl(naphthalene)diimide (BNDI) exceeds 50 kcal ⋅ mol in strength, drastically surpassing that for the [pyrene] excimer (∼30 kcal ⋅ mol; formal bond order = 1) and similar to other weak-to-moderate classical covalent bonds. Cooperative π-stacking in triclinic (BNDI-T) and monoclinic (BNDI-M) polymorphs effects unusually large linear thermal expansion coefficients (α , α , α , β) of (452, -16.8, -154, 273) × 10 ⋅ K and (70.

The Impact of Disuse and High-Fat Overfeeding on Forearm Muscle Amino Acid Metabolism in Humans.

Context: Anabolic resistance is mechanistically implicated in muscle disuse atrophy.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether anabolic resistance is associated with reduced postprandial amino acid uptake or exacerbated by excess lipid availability.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Interventions: Twenty men underwent 7 days of forearm immobilization while consuming a eucaloric (CON; n = 11) or high-fat overfeeding (HFD; n = 9; 50% excess energy as fat) diet (parallel design) within our Nutritional Physiology Research Unit.

High-fat Overfeeding Does Not Exacerbate Rapid Changes in Forearm Glucose and Fatty Acid Balance During Immobilization.

Context: Physical inactivity and high-fat overfeeding have been shown to independently induce insulin resistance.

Objective: Establish the contribution of muscle disuse and lipid availability to the development of inactivity-induced insulin resistance.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Interventions: 20 healthy males underwent 7 days of forearm cast immobilization combined with a fully controlled eucaloric diet (n = 10, age 23 ± 2 yr, body mass index [BMI] 23.

Biomechanical effects of rocker shoes on plantar aponeurosis strain in patients with plantar fasciitis and healthy controls.

Plantar fasciitis is a frequently occurring overuse injury of the foot. Shoes with a stiff rocker profile are a commonly prescribed treatment modality used to alleviate complaints associated with plantar fasciitis. In rocker shoes the apex position was moved proximally as compared to normal shoes, limiting the progression of the ground reaction forces (GRF) and peak plantarflexion moments during gait.

Long-term follow-up of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: suggestions for age dependent treatment in childhood and puberty.

Background In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), achieving the balance between overtreatment and undertreatment remains challenging. Final height (FH) can serve as a long-term outcome measure. We aimed to identify age-dependent factors that influence FH in CAH patients, resulting in age-specific treatment goals.

The repeatability and reproducibility of the Sheffield Features of Gait Tool.

Gait, the pattern or style in which locomotion is undertaken, has kinematic characteristics that may occur in varying proportions of a population and therefore have discriminatory potential. Forensic gait analysis is the analysis, comparison and evaluation of features of gait to assist the investigation of crime. While there have been recent developments in automated gait recognition systems, gait analysis presented in criminal court to assist in identification currently relies on observational analysis by expert witnesses.

RETENTION OF MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION OF ACL INJURIES.

Background: Retention of movement technique is crucial in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs. It is unknown if specific instructions or video instructions result in changes in kinematic and kinetic measures during a relatively short training session, and in a retention test one week later.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose was to determine the effects of verbal external focus (EF), verbal internal focus (IF) and video instructions (VI) on landing technique (i.

Transfer of improved movement technique after receiving verbal external focus and video instruction.

Purpose: It is unknown how movement patterns that are learned carry over to the field. The objective was to determine whether training during a jump-landing task would transfer to lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during sidestep cutting.

Methods: Forty healthy athletes were assigned to the verbal internal focus (IF, n = 10), verbal external focus (EF, n = 10), video (VI, n = 10) or control (CTRL, n = 10) group.

Cupriphication of gold to sensitize d-d metal-metal bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields.

Outer-shell s/p orbital mixing with d orbitals and symmetry reduction upon cupriphication of cyclic trinuclear trigonal-planar gold(I) complexes are found to sensitize ground-state Cu(I)-Au(I) covalent bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields. Heterobimetallic AuCu {[Au(μ-C,N-EtIm)Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (4a)}, AuCu {[Au(μ-C,N-BzIm)Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (1) and [Au(μ-C,N-MeIm)Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (3a)}, AuCu {[Au(μ-C,N-MeIm)Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (3b) and [Au(μ-C,N-EtIm)Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (4b)} and stacked Au/Cu {[Au(μ-C,N-BzIm)][Cu(µ-3,5-(CF)Pz)], (2)} form upon reacting Au {[Au(μ-C,N-(N-R)Im)] ((N-R)Im = imidazolate; R = benzyl/methyl/ethyl = BzIm/MeIm/EtIm)} with Cu {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF)Pz)] (3,5-(CF)Pz = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate)}. The crystal structures of 1 and 3a reveal stair-step infinite chains whereby adjacent dimer-of-trimer units are noncovalently packed via two Au(I)⋯Cu(I) metallophilic interactions, whereas 4a exhibits a hexanuclear cluster structure wherein two monomer-of-trimer units are linked by a genuine d-d polar-covalent bond with ligand-unassisted Cu(I)-Au(I) distances of 2.

Cycling in the Absence of Task-Related Feedback: Effects on Pacing and Performance.

Introduction: To achieve personal goals in exercise task completion, exercisers have to regulate, distribute, and manage their effort. In endurance sports, it has become very commonplace for athletes to consult task-related feedback on external devices to do so. The aim of the present study was to explore the importance of the presence of this information by examining the influence of the absence of commonly available task-related feedback on effort distribution and performance in experienced endurance athletes.

Staying in dynamic balance on a prosthetic limb: A leg to stand on?

With the loss of a lower limb, amputees lack the active muscle empowered control of the ankle that is important for balance control. We examined single-leg stance on prosthesis vs. sound limb balancing on narrow ridges in transtibial amputees.

Recovery of motor imagery ability in the first year after stroke.

The aim of this study was to examine the level and recovery of motor imagery ability (MIA) in the first year after stroke and whether the recovery of MIA is related to that of arm/hand function. Twenty-three patients with diminished arm/hand function were included. The accuracy score on the hand laterality judgment task was used to assess MIA and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used to evaluate the recovery of arm/hand function.

Enhanced retention of drop vertical jump landing technique: A randomized controlled trial.

External focus instructions have been shown to result in superior motor performance compared to internal focus instructions. Using an EF may help to optimize current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of instructions on landing technique and performance by comparing an external focus (EF), internal focus (IF), video (VI) and control (CTRL) group.

Motor learning strategies in basketball players and its implications for ACL injury prevention: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Adding external focus of attention (EF, focus on the movement effect) may optimize current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of an EF, by a visual stimulus and an internal focus, by a verbal stimulus during unexpected sidestep cutting in female and male athletes and how these effects remained over time.

Methods: Ninety experienced basketball athletes performed sidestep cutting manoeuvres in three sessions (S1, S2 and S3).

Activities of Daily Living in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: Performance, Learning, and Participation.

Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) face evident motor difficulties in daily functioning. Little is known, however, about their difficulties in specific activities of daily living (ADL).

Objective: The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate differences between children with DCD and their peers with typical development for ADL performance, learning, and participation, and (2) to explore the predictive values of these aspects.

Optimization of the anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention paradigm: novel feedback techniques to enhance motor learning and reduce injury risk.

Primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs effectively reduce ACL injury risk in the short term. Despite these programs, ACL injury incidence is still high, making it imperative to continue to improve current prevention strategies. A potential limitation of current ACL injury prevention training may be a deficit in the transfer of conscious, optimal movement strategies rehearsed during training sessions to automatic movements required for athletic activities and unanticipated events on the field.

Long-term effects of oxandrolone treatment in childhood on neurocognition, quality of life and social-emotional functioning in young adults with Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome (TS) is the result of (partial) absence of one X-chromosome. Besides short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and other physical aspects, TS women have typical psychological features. Since psychological effects of androgen exposure in childhood probably are long-lasting, we explored long-term psychological functioning after oxandrolone (Ox) therapy during childhood in adults with TS in terms of neurocognition, quality of life and social-emotional functioning.

The effects of attentional focus on jump performance and knee joint kinematics in patients after ACL reconstruction.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an internal and external attentional focus on single leg hop jump distance and knee kinematics in patients after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Design: Experimental.

Setting: Outpatient physical therapy facility.

Growth hormone therapy, muscle thickness, and motor development in Prader-Willi syndrome: an RCT.

Objective: To investigate the effect of physical training combined with growth hormone (GH) on muscle thickness and its relationship with muscle strength and motor development in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 22 infants with PWS (12.9 ± 7.

The curious case of mesityl azide and its reactivity with bpyNiEt2.

A DFT analysis of the reaction of bpyNiEt2 with ArN3 was performed for para-tolyl-azide (Ar = pTol), 3,5-dimethyl-phenyl-azide (Ar = mXy) and ortho-tolyl-azide (Ar = oTol), and mesityl-azide (MesN3). Of particular interest were the different products obtained for the latter (ethylene, butane, azomesitylene, mesityl-ethylamine, etc.) versus the other reagents, i.

Salivary morning androstenedione and 17α-OH progesterone levels in childhood and puberty in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Background: Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be monitored by salivary androstenedione (A-dione) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels. There are no objective criteria for setting relevant target values or data on changes of 17OHP and A-dione during monitoring.

Methods: We evaluated A-dione and 17OHP levels in nearly 2000 salivary samples collected during long-term treatment of 84 paediatric patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency.