Relapsing malaria in a 12-year-old Brazilian girl: A case report.

causes the vast majority of malaria cases in Brazil. The lifecycle of this parasite includes a latent stage in the liver, the hypnozoite. Reactivation of hypnozoites induces repeated relapses.

A fatal respiratory complication of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax.

Background: Malaria is endemic and represents an important public health issue in Brazil. Knowledge of risk factors for disease progression represents an important step in preventing and controlling malaria-related complications. Reports of severe forms of Plasmodium vivax malaria are now becoming a common place, but respiratory complications are described in less than 3% of global literature on severe vivax malaria.

Challenges of acute febrile illness diagnosis in a national infectious diseases center in Rio de Janeiro: 16-year experience of syndromic surveillance.

Introduction: Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are a frequent chief complaint in outpatients. Because the capacity to investigate the causative pathogen of AFIs is limited in low- and middle-income countries, patient management may be suboptimal. Understanding the distribution of causes of AFI can improve patient outcomes.

Fatal Brazilian spotted fever in a healthy military man during field training in Rio de Janeiro city, southeastern Brazil.

Brazilian spotted fever, a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks, is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We report a fulminant case of this zoonosis in a healthy 46-year-old military man in the urban region of Rio de Janeiro city, in October, 2021. Ticks and capybaras (Amblyomma sculptum, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, respectively) were identified in the military fields, pointing to the participation of this large synanthropic rodent, recognized as an efficient amplifier host of Rickettsia rickettsii in Brazil.

Zika Virus Infection and Differential Diagnosis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) emergence in South America revealed the lack of knowledge regarding clinical manifestations in HIV-infected individuals.

Objectives: We described the clinical characteristics, laboratory manifestations, differential diagnosis, and outcome of ZIKV infection in a large, single-center cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Methods: HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspected arboviral disease from an ongoing cohort were followed from February 2015 through December 2015.

[Not Available].

Some systemic viral infections can be linked to development of deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. This association has already been well described in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C, and influenza. The chikungunya virus is the etiologic agent of chikungunya fever and it has recently been introduced to the American continent.

Dengue infection as a potential trigger of an imported Plasmodium ovale malaria relapse or a long incubation period in a non-endemic malaria region.

Objectives: To report that dengue fever (DF) could have triggered Plasmodium ovale wallikeri malaria.

Methods: A retrospective case report of P. ovale malaria and DF in a single patient in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who had lived in Angola, is presented.

Dengue fever and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection.

Globalization has increased both the number of emergent diseases and the diversity of co-infections, which could in turn mutually influence the pathogenesis of well-known infectious diseases. Here, we report the first series of chronic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) patients co-infected with the dengue fever virus. As both of these diseases are immuno-mediated, we anticipated interference in the development of both diseases, with atypical clinical and laboratory parameter results.

Cluster of leptospirosis cases among military personnel in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

We report two cases of leptospirosis in military personnel in southeastern Brazil. The cases were hospitalized following field training exercises, and presented with acute meningoencephalitis, respiratory illnesses, and skin rash. Leptospira interrogans serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hebdomadis, Patoc, and Cynopteri were identified in the cases by microscopic agglutination test and PCR.

Mycobacterium massiliense BRA100 strain recovered from postsurgical infections: resistance to high concentrations of glutaraldehyde and alternative solutions for high level disinfection.

Purpose: To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GTA against these microorganisms and alternative disinfectants for high-level disinfection (HLD).

Methods: Reference mycobacteria and clinical M. massiliense strains were included in this study.

[Infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria resistant to disinfectants: a national matter?].

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are opportunistic microorganisms and widely distributed into aqueous environment and soil. Human RGM infections are usually associated with contaminated solutions or medical instruments used during invasive procedures. RGM postsurgical infections have recently emerged in Brazil and have caused national alert, considering the risk factors and epidemiological aspects.

Epidemic of postsurgical infections caused by Mycobacterium massiliense.

An epidemic of infections after video-assisted surgery (1,051 possible cases) caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and involving 63 hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, occurred between August 2006 and July 2007. One hundred ninety-seven cases were confirmed by positive acid-fast staining and/or culture techniques. Thirty-eight hospitals had cases confirmed by mycobacterial culture, with a total of 148 available isolates recovered from 146 patients.