Microwave-driven oleic acid esterification over chlorosulfonic acid-treated hydroxyapatite: synergism for intensified biodiesel production.

Treating hydroxyapatite (HAP) with sulfonic acid without structural destruction remains challenging owing to the sensitivity of HAP to acidic pH. In this work, natural derived HAP was prepared using natural phosphate a dissolution/precipitation process. Notwithstanding the challenge, the prepared HAP was treated with three concentrations of chlorosulfonic acid in dichloromethane to prepare HAP-S1, HAP-S2 and HAP-S3 depending on the acid content under carefully controlled conditions.

Production of sheep wool keratin hydrolysate and evaluation of its effectiveness in promoting maize cultivation.

The purpose of this work is to produce keratin hydrolysate from sheep wool by alkaline hydrolysis and to assess its effectiveness in improving maize plant growth under greenhouse conditions. A hybrid response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to model and optimize the hydrolysis process. The synergistic effects between three critical independent variables including temperature, hydrolysis time, and concentration of KOH on the hydrolysis rate were statistically investigated and optimized.

Urea-rich sodium alginate-based hydrogel fertilizer as a water reservoir and slow-release N carrier for tomato cultivation under different water-deficit levels.

In this study, a new eco-friendly urea-rich sodium alginate-based hydrogel with a slow-release nitrogen property was prepared, and its effectiveness was evaluated in the cultivation of tomato plants under different water stress levels. The structure and performance of the hydrogel were investigated by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTG, and SEM. The swelling and release experiments showed that prepared urea-rich hydrogel exhibited a high-water holding capacity (412 ± 4 g/g) and showed a sustained and slow nitrogen release property.

Fixed-bed adsorption of Pb(ii) and Cu(ii) from multi-metal aqueous systems onto cellulose--hydroxyapatite granules: optimization using response surface methodology.

We prepared cellulose microfibrils--hydroxyapatite (CMFs--HAP (8%)) in a granular form. We evaluated the ability of these granules to eliminate Pb(ii) and Cu(ii) ions from aqueous solution in dynamic mode using a fixed-bed adsorption column. Several operating parameters (inlet ion concentration, feed flow rate, bed height) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Doehlert design.

Effect of sodium alginate-based superabsorbent hydrogel on tomato growth under different water deficit conditions.

The main challenge facing agriculture today is water scarcity. At present, agriculture consumes around 70 % of the planet's freshwater, much of which is lost through evaporation, leaching and runoff. This wastage, combined with the increased frequency and severity of droughts linked to climate change, is having a considerable negative impact on crops.

Design and development of a highly efficient reusable zeolite impregnated ZnAlO catalyst for biodiesel production.

As the demand for sustainable energy sources expands, the production of biodiesel has attracted great attention. The development of effective and ecologically friendly biodiesel catalysts has become an urgent need. In this context, the goal of this study is to develop a composite solid catalyst with enhanced efficiency, reusability, and reduced environmental impact.

Ultrasound-assisted degradation of organophosphorus pesticide methidathion using CuFeO@SiO-GO as a magnetic separable sonocatalyst.

Water contamination by pesticides is a critical environmental issue, necessitating the development of sustainable and efficient degradation methods. This study focuses on synthesizing and evaluating a novel heterogeneous sonocatalyst for degrading pesticide methidathion. The catalyst consists of graphene oxide (GO) decorated CuFeO@SiO nanocomposites.

Surface modification of highly hydrophobic polyester fabric coated with octadecylamine-functionalized graphene nanosheets.

This study focuses on the design of highly hydrophobic polyester fabrics (PET) coated with organophilic graphene nanosheets (G-ODA) through a simple, cost-effective and scalable coating method. The organophilic graphene oxide was successfully synthesized by covalently grafting a long chain fatty amine on its surface and was fully characterized by various physicochemical techniques. G-ODA was coated at different loadings onto the PET fabric ranging from 1 to 7 wt% to produce uniformly dispersed PET@G-ODA fabrics with multifunctional performances.

Eco-friendly approach to access of quinoxaline derivatives using nanostructured pyrophosphate NaPdPO as a new, efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst.

In the present study, we report the synthesis of various quinoxaline derivatives from direct condensation of substituted aromatic 1,2-diamine with 1,2-dicarbonyl catalyzed by nanostructured pyrophosphate NaPdPO as a new highly efficient bifunctionalheterogeneous catalyst. The quinoxaline synthesis was performed in ethanol as a green and suitable solvent at ambient temperature to afford the desired quinoxalines with good to excellent yields in shorter reaction times. Many Quinoxaline derivatives were successfully synthesized using various 1,2-diketones and 1,2-diamines at room temperature.

Response surface methodology for optimization of methylene blue adsorption onto carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel beads: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics and reusability studies.

Environment-friendly composite hydrogel beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate (Alg) and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized by an ionotropic gelation technique and studied as an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue (MB). The chemical structure and surface morphology of the prepared hydrogel beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and point of zero charge (pH). A hybrid response surface methodology integrated Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was successfully developed to model, simulate, and optimize the biosorption process.

Iron oxide encapsulated by copper-apatite: an efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for -arylation of imidazole with boronic acid.

-Arylation of imidazole was carried out with various arylboronic acids on iron oxide encapsulated by copper-apatite (FeO@Cu-apatite), producing excellent yields. Firstly, the iron nanoparticles were prepared using a solvothermal method, and then they were encapsulated by copper-apatite to obtain magnetic FeO@Cu-apatite nanocatalysts. Several physico-chemical analysis techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanostructured FeO@Cu-apatite catalyst.

Highly efficient catalytic/sonocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and antibacterial activity through a bifunctional Ag/ZnO nanohybrid material prepared a sodium alginate method.

In this work, a bifunctional nanohybrid silver/zinc oxide material (Ag/ZnO) has been synthesized by a rapid route using sodium alginate simultaneously as a sacrificial template and silver reducing agent. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), solid diffuse reflectance and liquid state UV-visible spectroscopy (DRS, UV-visible), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis (BET-BJH). The XRD patterns showed that the Ag/ZnO sample is composed of a hexagonal zinc oxide structure with cubic metallic silver (Ag°).

Aqueous-phase catalytic hydroxylation of phenol with HO by using a copper incorporated apatite nanocatalyst.

Copper incorporated apatite (Cu-apatite) nanomaterial was prepared by a co-precipitation method. The obtained material was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, STEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The as-prepared Cu-apatite was used to catalyze phenol hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.

Supercritical CO drying of alginate/zinc hydrogels: a green and facile route to prepare ZnO foam structures and ZnO nanoparticles.

In the present study, we investigate a simple and effective synthetic protocol to produce zinc oxide foams by a facile solution-based method using alginate gelation. The influences of the zinc concentration and the drying process on the structural, textural and morphological properties of the synthesized ZnO nanomaterial were studied and discussed. The components of these nanomaterials were characterized by several techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted synthetic route in controlling the growth of the ZnO nanoparticles.

Magnetic CoFeO nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (CoFeO/GO) with high catalytic activity for peroxymonosulfate activation and degradation of rhodamine B.

Herein, we report the preparation of magnetic CoFeO nanoparticles and CoFeO/graphene oxide (GO) hybrids and evaluate their catalytic activity as heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators for the decomposition of rhodamine B. The surface morphologies and structures of both CoFeO nanoparticles and CoFeO/GO hybrids were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The magnetic properties of the samples were assessed using a SQUID magnetometer at 298 K.