The burden of headache disorders in the adult population of Mongolia: estimates, and a health-care needs assessment, from a cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: Having previously shown headache disorders to be prevalent in Mongolia, here we elaborate on headache as a public-health concern in this country, reporting symptom burden and headache-attributed impaired participation at individual and societal levels, and conducting a health-care needs assessment.

Methods: The study followed the standardized methodology developed by the Global Campaign against Headache, generating a representative general-population sample through multi-level randomized cluster sampling. Participants aged 18-65 years were interviewed at unannounced household visits by interviewers administering the HARDSHIP questionnaire.

Secondary headache disorders in Turkey, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: A cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Background: This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of secondary headaches in different geographic regions, including Turkey, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa.

Methods: Patients were admitted to the study on a particular day each week for five consecutive weeks between 1 April and 16 May 2022. Before the study, all researchers underwent a constructed briefing about the use and code of the ICHD-3 criteria.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Clinical Population: Prevalence, Predictive Factors, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Referred to a Sleep Center in Mongolia.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disrupts sleep. This study examined factors related to OSA severity. A cross-sectional, prospective, hospital-based study was conducted with 205 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG).

Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache: 1. Rationale and description.

In countries where headache services exist at all, their focus is usually on specialist (tertiary) care. This is clinically and economically inappropriate: most headache disorders can effectively and more efficiently (and at lower cost) be treated in educationally supported primary care. At the same time, compartmentalizing divisions between primary, secondary and tertiary care in many health-care systems create multiple inefficiencies, confronting patients attempting to navigate these levels (the "patient journey") with perplexing obstacles.

The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Mongolia: a nationwide schools-based study.

Background: The Global Campaign against Headache collects data from children (7-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) both to inform health and education policies and to contribute to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This survey in Mongolia was part of this global enquiry.

Methods: Following the generic protocol for the global enquiry, this was a schools-based cross-sectional survey.

Primary headache disorders among the adult population of Mongolia: prevalences and associations from a population-based survey.

Background: In the ongoing Global Campaign endeavour to improve knowledge and awareness of headache prevalence worldwide, Mongolia is a country of interest. It sits between Russia and China, in which prevalence is, respectively, much higher and much lower than the estimated global mean. We conducted a population-based study in Mongolia both to add to knowledge and to inform local health policy.