Prevalence of Keratoconus Among High School Students in Southern Brazil: A Community-Based Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in teenagers who live in Southern Brazil and detect any possible associated factors.

Methods: This prospective, observational, mobile clinic-based cross-sectional study collected data from students between 14 and 21 years from seven high schools who were living in the Greater Porto Alegre metropolitan region in Southern Brazil. Subjects were clinically surveyed and examined using a slitlamp and rotational Scheimpflug corneal tomography system.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Multipurpose Solutions on Bacterial Disinfection: A Comparison Study of Effectiveness in a Developing Country.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial action of commercially available multipurpose disinfection solutions (MPDS) with and without hydrogel contact lens for disinfection of isolated corneal bacteria.

Methods: Five commercially available MPDS in Brazil (BioSoak, Clear Lens, OPTI-FREE, Renu, and UltraSept) were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Staphylococcus epidermidis . All five MPDS were also tested on P.

Descemet's membrane folds in ochronosis: a case report.

Background: We present this report of a new ophthalmic finding in a patient with ochronosis.

Case Presentation: An 85-year-old Caucasian male patient with bilateral dark temporal and nasal pigmentation of conjunctiva and sclera was referred to our hospital owing to low visual acuity. On biomicroscopic examination, bilateral horizontal Descemet's membrane folds were observed.

The role of environment in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.

Purpose Of Review: This study was conducted to demonstrate the importance of the environment in keratoconus (KC) genesis.

Recent Findings: Genetic-related connective tissue disorders demonstrate the inconsistency of theories regarding KC pathogenesis since no corneal steepening was observed in the majority of these patients. Despite recent advances and decades of research into the genetics of KC, the identification of disease-causing KC genes has been frustrating.

A new case of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII and retinal detachment.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII (OMIM: 610915) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by white sclerae, severe growth deficiency, and bone fragility. This condition results from pathogenic variants of P3H1, a gene that codes for P3H1, an important protein involved in the prolyl-3-hydroxylation complex required for collagen type I folding. Here, we described a woman with OI type VIII due to a homozygous mutation of c.

Literature review and suggested protocol for prevention and treatment of corneal graft rejection.

Effective prophylaxis and treatment of corneal graft rejection are essential to improve outcomes in corneal transplantation. To date, there has been no standardized protocol published that outlines the optimal prophylactic and therapeutic approaches and, furthermore, the published controlled trials on this subject are limited. Likewise, no study has addressed how the level of antigen exposure varies between different types of keratoplasties.

Primary calcareous degeneration of the cornea.

Primary calcareous degeneration is a rare corneal disease. In the past 50 years, only four cases have been described. We present the case of a 26-year-old male patient with progressive calcium deposition in both eyes with negative laboratory parameters.