MHC Class II-Expressing Mucosal Mast Cells Promote Intestinal Mast Cell Hyperplasia in a Mouse Model of Food Allergy.

Background: IgE-mediated food allergy is accompanied by mucosal mast cell (MMC) hyperplasia in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal MMC numbers correlate with the severity of food allergy symptoms. However, the mechanisms by which MMCs proliferate excessively are poorly understood.

Three Years of Progression-free after Biopsy of BRAF V600E-negative Ganglioglioma in the Adult Brainstem: A Case Report and the Literature Review.

Ganglioglioma, a glioneuronal neoplasm, typically presents in adolescents' temporal lobes. While pediatric brainstem gangliogliomas (BSGGs) are well documented, adult BSGGs are limited, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of their pathophysiology and prognosis. A 41-year-old woman who presented with dizziness and numbness in her right upper extremity and right face underwent radiological examination.

Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes.

Introduction: After Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common form of early-onset dementia. Despite the heavy burden of care for FTLD, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments with sufficient efficacy remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a multimodal exercise program for FTLD and to examine preliminary changes in the clinical outcomes of the program in FTLD.

Inhibitory effects of Valeriana fauriei root extract on serotonin uptake in vitro caused by the interaction among its active ingredients including a new compound.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Valeriana fauriei Briq. (VF) is a folk medicine registered in the Japanese Pharmacopeia 18th Edition. Valeriana plants have been utilized as sedatives and antidepressants in Europe, but only a few pharmacological reports have focused on VF.

Traction-assisted endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy using the clip-with-thread method for small gastric subepithelial lesions: Randomized controlled trial (with video).

Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) is the gold standard for diagnosing gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs), but diagnosing lesions smaller than 20 mm remains challenging. We developed traction-assisted EUS-FNB (TA-EUS-FNB) using the clip-with-thread method to enhance diagnostic accuracy by stabilizing the lesion and providing counter-traction for easier needle access. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TA-EUS-FNB in diagnosing small gastric SELs.

Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus infection on gene regulation in immune cells of patients with Immune-Mediated Diseases.

It has been known that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can latently infect immune cells after the initial infection, and epidemiological studies have suggested its association with the onset of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). However, the specific impact of EBV infection on IMDs pathology remains unclear. We quantified EBV load of B cell subsets (Naïve B cells, Unswitched memory B cells, Switched memory B cells, Double negative B cells, and Plasmablasts) in IMD patients as well as healthy control (HC) using bulk RNA sequencing data of 504 donors.

Emotional Response to Various Exercise Types in Patients With Mental Disorders.

Objectives This study examined the relationship between different types of exercise bouts and emotional responses in patients with mental disorders. Methods This study utilized an acute pre-/post-interventional design. Patients participated in six types of exercises: yoga, strength training, dual-task exercises, aerobic exercises, multicomponent exercises, and dance.

pulmonary disease with organizing pneumonia: A case report and review of literature.

, a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium, rarely causes pulmonary diseases. A patient was admitted to our hospital with a fever and cough. Chest radiography revealed consolidation in the right middle lung.

Efficacy and Limitations of Continuous Local Antibiotic Perfusion in Treating Surgical Site Infections Following Instrumented Spinal Surgery: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most serious postoperative complications following instrumented spinal surgery. We previously reported the potential of continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) to retain implants for patients with SSI following instrumented spinal surgery. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study to elucidate the efficacy and limitations of CLAP for patients with SSI following instrumented spinal surgery.

Comparison of short-term outcomes and perioperative costs in laparoscopic versus robotic surgery for rectal cancers: A real-world cohort study using Japanese nationwide inpatient database.

Aim: Many studies have revealed the benefits of robotic surgery for rectal cancer; however, real-world data are insufficient. This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes and perioperative costs of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for rectal cancer using a real-world database.

Methods: The data of patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic surgery for rectal cancer between January 2018 and January 2021 from a nationwide Japanese inpatient database provided by Medical Data Vision Co.

Current Status of Sequential Treatment for Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background/aim: Although multiple treatments are available for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, data to determine the optimal treatment sequence are limited. This study aimed to investigate the current status of drug therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer and clarify the sequential treatment in actual clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 425 patients diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer at Showa University Hospital and affiliated hospitals between January 2014 and December 2021, who were treated with any of the following four drugs: novel androgen receptor signal inhibitors (abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide) and anticancer drugs (docetaxel and cabazitaxel).

A Phase II, Open Label, Single-Arm Study on the Efficacy of Cabozantinib in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Harboring MET Exon 14 Alterations who Developed Acquired Resistance to Tepotinib or Capmatinib (CAPTURE Trial).

Background: MET gene exon 14 skipping was identified as a potential driver mutation that occurs in approximately 3%-4% of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), typically in the absence of other driver mutations. Capmatinib and tepotinib were the first MET- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MET-TKIs) approved by the FDA and PMDA, specifically for patients with metastatic NSCLC. Several studies have reported acquired resistance after MET-TKI treatment for MET mutation-positive NSCLC.

Safety and efficacy of transbronchial cryobiopsy for elderly lung cancer patients.

Background: The increasing prevalence of lung cancer in the elderly population necessitates a closer evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to compare the safety and diagnostic efficacy of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) between patients ≥ 80 years and younger patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 96 patients diagnosed with peripheral lung cancer who underwent TBLC between April 2021 and October 2023.

Factors Associated with Favorable Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Determined Using Multiple Regression Analysis in Lusaka, Zambia, 2022.

Background: This study aims to identify the factors associated with favorable treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered at two hospitals and two urban health centers in Lusaka, Zambia in 2022.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, focusing on patients who were either cured or completed treatment, defined as having favorable treatment outcomes. Unfavorable treatment outcomes included treatment failure, death, lost to follow-up, or not evaluated.

Final Report of Trends in Pregnancy and Birth Survey after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.

This study aimed to assess long-term changes in pregnancy and birth outcomes after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima Prefecture.　This is the final report on perinatal outcomes of the Prefectural Health Survey, which ended after a 10-year observation period.　Questionnaires based on a pregnancy and birth survey conducted by the Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey were sent to women who had received maternal and child health handbooks from municipal officers in Fukushima Prefecture.

Central control of dynamic gene circuits governs T cell rest and activation.

The ability of cells to maintain distinct identities and respond to transient environmental signals requires tightly controlled regulation of gene networks. These dynamic regulatory circuits that respond to extracellular cues in primary human cells remain poorly defined. The need for context-dependent regulation is prominent in T cells, where distinct lineages must respond to diverse signals to mount effective immune responses and maintain homeostasis.

Identification of the Novel Allele HLA-C*04:535 by Next-Generation Sequencing.

The novel HLA-C*04:535 allele differs from HLA-C*04:01:01:01 by two substitutions in exon 3 and 3'UTR.

Resveratrol Can Differentiate Human Melanoma Stem-like Cells from Spheroids Treated With All-trans Retinoic Acid.

Background/aim: Stem-like cancer cells are believed to be the leading cause of therapy resistance in malignant melanoma (MM). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiation therapy is considered a promising approach to eradicate stem-like cancer cells, but some melanoma cells are resistant to ATRA. This study aimed to examine whether resveratrol (RS), a natural polyphenol compound, could improve the response of MM stem-like cells to ATRA and explore the possible underlying mechanisms.

Child Consonant Harmony Revisited: The Role of Lexical Memory Constraints and Segment Repetition.

Young children often produce non-target-like word forms in which non-adjacent consonants share a major place of articulation (e.g., [gɔgi] "doggy").

Rapid and Safe Neutralization Assay for Circulating H5N1 Influenza Virus in Dairy Cows.

Rapid and safe neutralization assays are required for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including a clade 2.3.4.

Assessing the diagnostic and therapeutic value of submandibular gland elastography in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis.

Objectives: : To investigate the utility of shear wave elastography values (SWE) in differentiating IgG4-related submandibular sialadenitis (IgG4-RSS) from healthy individuals and in monitoring the response to glucocorticoid treatment.

Methods: : Patients with IgG4-RSS who underwent ultrasound between 2017 and 2023 were included. Gland size, border, internal echo pattern, vascularity, and SWE were measured.

The clinical significance of signal regulatory protein alpha expression in the immune environment of gastric cancer.

Background: Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages by interacting with CD47. Despite its known role in various cancers, the clinical significance of SIRPα in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical implications of SIRPα in GC, exploring its relevance to immunotherapy efficacy and the tumor microenvironment.

Laser-Driven Proton-Only Acceleration in a Multicomponent Near-Critical-Density Plasma.

An experimental investigation of collisionless shock ion acceleration is presented using a multicomponent plasma and a high-intensity picosecond duration laser pulse. Protons are the only accelerated ions when a near-critical-density plasma is driven by a laser with a modest normalized vector potential. The results of particle-in-cell simulations imply that collisionless shock may accelerate protons alone selectively, which can be an important tool for understanding the physics of inaccessible collisionless shocks in space and astrophysical plasma.