Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors and spatiotemporal implications associated with CSF in Ecuador.

Intra-urban spatial variability of breast and cervical cancer mortality in the city of São Paulo: analysis of associated factors.

Objective: To identify spatial variability of mortality from breast and cervical cancer and to assess factors associated in the city of São Paulo.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2016, 10,124 deaths from breast cancer and 2,116 deaths from cervical cancer were recorded in the Mortality Information System among women aged 20 years and over. The records were geocoded by address of residence and grouped according to Primary Health Care coverage areas.

Apparent prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the state of Paraná, Brazil: an assessment after 18 years since the beginning of the Brazilian program.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) impacts considerably animal production and one health worldwide. To describe the prevalence, risk factors, and spatial pattern of the disease in the state of Paraná, Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019. The area was divided into seven regions.

Adverse event classification and signal detection of data from the customer service and pharmacovigilance of a multinational veterinary pharmaceutical company.

The pharmacovigilance of a veterinary company may include the analysis of spontaneous reports of adverse events (AE) related to its products. The present study developed an AE classification flowchart to analyze AE notified to the customer service and pharmacovigilance department of a multinational veterinary pharmaceutical company in Brazil. The product-AE binomials using the flowchart were characterized in terms of their frequencies and subsequently, three signal detection models were used: Reporting Odds Ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and Gamma Poisson Shrinker.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors.

Since the reintroduction of dengue viruses in 1987, Sao Paulo State (SP), Brazil, has experienced recurrent epidemics in a growing number of municipalities, each time with more cases and deaths. In the present study, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors in SP. This was an ecological study with spatial and temporal components, based on notified dengue-related deaths in the municipalities of SP between 2007 and 2017.

Pink October and mammograms: when health communication misses the target.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and is the leading cause of death from cancer in the female population. Screening mammograms and early treatment are the most frequently used means to attempt to reduce this mortality and are promoted during Pink October, an annual awareness-raising campaign. However, recent studies have correlated the increase in screening with higher morbidity and mortality, due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the state of Paraná, Brazil: an analysis after 18 years of ongoing control measures.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in herds and cattle were estimated by a cross-sectional study in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The state was divided into seven regions and a random, two-stage sampling was performed on properties and cattle from each region between 2018 and 2019. Serum samples were collected from 11,592 cows over 24 months from 1,757 properties and a questionnaire was applied to identify potential risk factors.

One Health of Peripheries: Biopolitics, Social , and Field of Praxis.

Amid the urgency to solve countless and severe health problems, asking what is health or who can and must have it may seem like a waste of time. However, some responses can reveal prevailing practices that divert attention from fundamental problems, thus maintaining privileges and deepening health inequities. One Health of Peripheries arises from these questions and takes three interdependent senses.

From Modern Planetary Health to Decolonial Promotion of One Health of Peripheries.

The concept of Planetary Health has recently emerged in the global North as a concern with the global effects of degraded natural systems on human health. It calls for urgent and transformative actions. However, the problem and the call to solve it are far from new.

Spatial pattern of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in the city of São Paulo.

Objective: To verify the spatial pattern of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in areas of primary health care, considering socioeconomic conditions.

Methods: This is an ecological study, from January 2000 to December 2016. The study area is the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, and its 456 coverage areas of primary health units.

Can sterilization help to prevent roaming in owned dogs and cats?

In many locations, the highest proportion of roaming dogs and cats, might have owners. The prevention of roaming in owned dogs and cats is a key intervention to reduce the number of unsupervised animals in public spaces. Sterilization is an important population management intervention but it is unclear if, apart from its effects on birth rates and animal behavior, it also affects the roaming status of owned dogs and cats.

Field-testing a single-dose immunocontraceptive in free-ranging male capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): Evaluation of effects on reproductive physiology, secondary sexual characteristics, and agonistic behavior.

Controlling wildlife populations to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts and the spread of zoonotic diseases is an ever-growing necessity. The objective of this study was to evaluate a single-dose anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine (GonaCon, USDA/NWRC, Fort Collins, CO, USA) as a non-lethal alternative for population control in free-ranging, synanthropic male capybara. In addition to infertility efficacy of this treatment, potential effects on the alpha male's secondary sexual characteristics and agonist behavior need to be assessed because any alterations in these factors could lead to population management failure.

Environmental and socioeconomic analysis of malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon, 2010-2015.

Objective: To analyze the environmental and socioeconomic risk factors of malaria transmission at municipality level, from 2010 to 2015, in the Brazilian Amazon.

Methods: The municipalities were stratified into high, moderate, and low transmission based on the annual parasite incidence. A multinomial logistic regression that compared low with medium transmission and low with high transmission was performed.

Author Correction: Spatiotemporal dynamics and risk factors for human Leptospirosis in Brazil.

 A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Bayesian modeling of hematologic cancer and vehicular air pollution among young people in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Traffic-related air pollution is being associated with hematologic cancer in young individuals. This study performed a spatial analysis of the hematologic cancer incidence and mortality among younger people, using a Bayesian approach, to associate with traffic density in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Two databases were employed: incidence (2002-2011) and mortality (2002-2013).

Size, spatial and household distribution, and rabies vaccination coverage of the Brazilian owned-dog population.

Dog rabies and human rabies transmitted by dogs can be prevented through adequate dog vaccination coverage. For surveillance purposes, this coverage must be calculated using accurate population size estimates to avoid misleading conclusions. We used data from a Brazilian national survey comprising 64,348 households, to calculate point estimates and confidence intervals of the size, household density, and rabies vaccination coverage of the owned-dog population in Brazilian federative units.

[Influence of vehicular traffic density on hospital admissions due to respiratory tract cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil].

Pollution related to traffic is a major problem in urban centers and a large portion of the population is vulnerable to its health effects. This study sought to identify a potential association between hospital admissions due to respiratory tract cancer and vehicular traffic density in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is an ecological study of the public (Hospital Inpatient Authorization - AIH, in Portuguese) and private (Hospital Inpatient Communication - CIH, in Portuguese) health care systems, from 2004 to 2006, geocoded by individuals' residential addresses.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and risk factors for human Leptospirosis in Brazil.

Leptospirosis is an emerging neglected tropical disease with a worldwide significant global health burden. Between 2000 and 2016, there were 63,302 cases of human leptospirosis and 6,064 deaths reported in Brazil. We modeled the spatiotemporal risk dynamics of human leptospirosis morbidity and lethality, and attributed an easily interpretable risk-based priority index (PI) for all Brazilian federative units to suggest improvements to the national surveillance system.

Companion animal demography and population management in Pinhais, Brazil.

We used a two-stage cluster sampling design to estimate the population sizes of owned dogs and cats in Pinhais, Brazil. For dogs, we simulated the population dynamics using a compartmental model of coupled differential equations, incorporating uncertainties in a global sensitivity analysis and identifying the most influential parameters through local sensitivity analysis. The calibration with the known human population improved precision in population size for dogs but not for cats.

Incidence and mortality risk for respiratory tract cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: Bayesian analysis of the association with traffic density.

Background: There is evidence that exposure to traffic-related air pollution is related to the incidence of and mortality associated with lung cancer. The aim of this study was to perform a spatial analysis, with a Bayesian approach, to test the hypothesis that high traffic density is associated with increased respiratory tract cancer incidence and mortality risk among individuals over 20 years of age residing in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: We employed data from two different databases: the São Paulo Municipal Population-Based Cancer Registry (2002-2011 cancer incidence data); and the Mortality Database of the São Paulo Municipal Health Department (2002-2013 cancer mortality data).

Dengue forecasting in São Paulo city with generalized additive models, artificial neural networks and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models.

Globally, the number of dengue cases has been on the increase since 1990 and this trend has also been found in Brazil and its most populated city-São Paulo. Surveillance systems based on predictions allow for timely decision making processes, and in turn, timely and efficient interventions to reduce the burden of the disease. We conducted a comparative study of dengue predictions in São Paulo city to test the performance of trained seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models, generalized additive models and artificial neural networks.

Bayesian spatial models of the association between interpersonal violence, animal abuse and social vulnerability in São Paulo, Brazil.

Animal abuse adversely affects animal health and welfare and has been associated with interpersonal violence in studies of individuals. However, if that association also depends on sociocultural contexts and can be detected on a geographic scale, a wider source of data can be used to identify risk areas to support the surveillance of both types of violence. In this study, we evaluated the association between interpersonal violence notifications, animal abuse notifications and an index of social vulnerability in São Paulo City, on a geographic scale, using Bayesian spatial models.

Validity of a two-stage cluster sampling design to estimate the total number of owned dogs.

Estimates of owned dog population size are necessary to calculate measures of disease frequency and to plan and evaluate population management programs. We calculated the error and bias of estimates of the total number of owned dogs using a two-stage cluster sampling design. The estimates were conditioned on sample composition as well as on size and heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of owned dog populations.

Low socioeconomic condition and the risk of dengue fever: A direct relationship.

This study aimed to characterize the first dengue fever epidemic in Várzea Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, and its spatial and spatio-temporal distribution in order to assess the association of socioeconomic factors with dengue occurrence. We used autochthonous dengue cases confirmed in a 2007 epidemic, the first reported in the city, available in the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration database. These cases where geocoded by address.