Bone graft in the treatment of nonunion of the scaphoid with necrosis of the proximal pole: a literature review.

Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the carpal bones, corresponding to 60%. Of these, 10% progress to nonunion; moreover, 3% can present necrosis of the proximal pole. There are various methods of treatment using vascularized and non-vascularized bone grafts.