The perception and practice of routine lingual flap retraction in lower third molar surgery among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria.

Background: Lingual nerve injury is a known complication of mandibular third molar (M3M) surgery, and retraction of the lingual flap is reported to reduce the incidence of this complication. However, there is no global consensus on the routine retraction of lingual flap.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the perception and practice of lingual flap retraction amongst oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Odontogenic Tumors in Nigeria: An African Oral Pathology Research Consortium Multicenter Study.

Background: Many studies have investigated the burden of odontogenic tumor (OT) in Nigeria; however, the true burden and prevalence of these lesions are not known because these studies are based on a center/region.

Aims: Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the true burden of OTs in Nigeria, using a multicenter approach.

Materials And Methods: This is a 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study of OT seen in eight tertiary health institutions in different geographic locations in Nigeria.

Locally advanced orofacial malignancy: Synopsis of inoperable lesions at an urban tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Background: Locally advanced inoperable orofacial malignancies do present clinically, and constitute a significant public health burden worldwide.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Stage IV locally advanced inoperable orofacial malignancies for consecutive patients.

Materials And Methods: A 24-year retrospective study was undertaken, and data obtained from hospital register, case files, and histopathological reports of patients were recorded in a proforma.

A 14-Year Review of Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds in a Resource-Limited Setting.

This study analyzed the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management of civilian-type craniomaxillofacial gunshot wounds (CGSWs) seen over a 14-year period in a Northern Nigerian teaching hospital. A retrospective study of all hospital records relating to CGSWs from January 2000 to December 2013 was conducted to determine the prevalence of CGSWs. Information retrieved included site of injury, type of projectile, management protocol, as well as duration of hospitalization.

Prevention of alveolar osteitis after third molar surgery: Comparative study of the effect of warm saline and chlorhexidine mouth rinses.

Background: Chlorhexidine mouth rinses have a proven efficacy for the prevention of alveolar osteitis after third molar surgery. This study compares the efficacy of warm saline rinse, a component of postextraction instructions, with that of chlorhexidine in our institution over a period of 2 years.

Patients And Methods: Apparently healthy patients who were referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic of our institution, with an indication for surgical extraction of lower third molar were prospectively, consecutively, and uniformly randomized into warm saline and chlorhexidine groups.

REASONS FOR LOSS OF THE PERMANENT TEETH IN PATIENTS IN KANO, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA.

Background: Loss of permanent dentition is often of great concern to patients, apart from the aesthetic consequences in the anterior region of the mouth, such loss has no natural form of replacement.

Aim: To determine the pattern of tooth loss among patients attending the Dental Clinic at a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Material And Methods: The case files of patients who attended the Dental Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January and December 2012 with one or more missing tooth were retrospectively analyzed.

A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis of 64 Cases of Cystic Lesions of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Objectives: Orofacial cysts are broadly divided into odontogenic and nonodontogenic types, epithelial or non-epithelial, and developmental or inflammatory in origin. The odontogenic cyst is an osseous-destructive lesion that most commonly affects the jaw. It is formed by activation of odontogenic cell rests entrapped within the bone or gingival tissue of the jaws, such as the epithelial remains of Malassez, the dental lamina (cell rests of Serres), or the enamel organ.

Complications of the use of trans-osseous wire osteosynthesis in the managementof compound, unfavorable and non-comminuted mandibular angle fractures.

Objective: To analyze cases of compound, unfavorable and non-comminuted mandibular angle fractures treated by trans-osseous wiring, presenting postoperative complications, in a low resource center.

Materials And Methods: This was a 13-year retrospective study of 1,324 fractures in 1,317 subjects. The predictor variables were age, gender, aetiology, time lag between injury and treatment, and concomitant mandibular and mid-facial fractures.

Management of Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in Pediatric Nigerian Patients: A Review of 8 Cases.

Odontogenic fibromyxoma (OFM) is a benign, locally invasive and aggressive nonmetastasizing neoplasm of jaw bones. They are considered relatively rare and known to be derived from embryonic mesenchymal elements of dental origin. Treatment of OFM depends on the size of the lesion and on its nature and behavior.

Analysis of 46 cases of malignant jaw tumours in Calabar, Nigeria.

Background: The occurrence and distribution of malignant jaw tumours differs across the globe because of differences in geographical, cultural, racial, and socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the types and pattern of malignant jaw tumours in Calabar, located in South-South Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: The histopathologic results, as well as demographic and clinical information of all consecutive patients diagnosed of having a malignant jaw tumour at the Oral and Maxillofacial Unit of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria from January 2000 to December 2013 was retrospectively collected and analyzed.

A review of cleft lip and palate management: Experience of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Background: Cleft lip (CL) and palate (CLP) management is multidisciplinary. A cleft team was formed in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital to address the health needs of cleft patients in the centre.

Aim: This paper aims at documenting the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) management protocol for orofacial clefts and also to review our experience with CLP surgeries performed at AKTH since our partnering with Smile Train.

Management of extra-capsular temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis: does conservative approach to treatment have a role?

Background: The conventional management of fibrous extracapsular temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, a debilitating disease, is associated with surgical complications and financial burden on the patients.

Objective: To assess the outcome of conservative approach to the management of fibrous extracapsular TMJ ankylosis.

Patients And Methods: This is a prospective study of patients who presented at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, during the period from January 1999 to December 2012 with a history of inability to open the mouth diagnosed as fibrous extracapsular TMJ ankylosis.

Role of warm saline mouth rinse in prevention of alveolar osteitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The present study was aimed at determining the role warm saline rinse in the prevention of alveolar osteitis following dental extractions.

Materials And Methods: Apparently patients aged 16 and above who were referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic of our institution, with an indication for non-surgical extraction of pathologic teeth were prospectively and uniformly randomized into warm saline group and control. The experimental group (n = 80) were instructed to gargle 6 times daily with warm saline and no such instructions were given to the second group (n = 80) to serve as controls.

Use of oral mucoperiosteal and pterygo-masseteric muscle flaps as interposition material in surgery of temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a comparative study.

Background: The most common complication of surgery for the release of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is relapse of the ankylosis. To prevent re-ankylosis, a variety of interpositional materials have been used.

Aim: The aim was to compare the surgical outcome of oral mucoperiosteal flap, not hitherto used as interpositional material, with pterygo-masseteric muscles flap after surgical release of TMJ ankylosis.

Effect of age, sex and level of surgical difficulty on inflammatory complications after third molar surgery.

Background: Patients' factors such as age and sex and surgical variables such as level of difficulty have been linked with surgical outcome in third molar surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these variables on inflammatory complications in patients undergoing third molar surgery.

Methods: Patients referred to our institution for surgical extraction of their impacted lower third molar between January 2007 and December 2008 were the subjects of the study.

Prospective study of the quality of life after treatment of mandibular fractures.

Health-related quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important, but few studies have dealt with that of patients who have been treated for mandibular fractures. Our aim was to assess this. Patients with mandibular fractures (n=148) were studied prospectively and QoL after treatment was assessed using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).

Indications and risk factors for complications of lower third molar surgery in a nigerian teaching hospital.

Background: The surgical extraction of impacted third molars is a common oral surgical procedure, and it is often associated with complications such as sensory nerve damage, dry socket, pain, swelling, trismus, infection and hemorrhage.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the surgical indications and risk factors for complications of third molar surgery at a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of patients referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic of our institution for surgical extraction of their impacted mandibular third molars from January 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively examined.

Ectopic 3rd molar tooth in the maxillary antrum.

Location of ectopic tooth in a nondentate area like the maxillary antrum is rare. A 17-year-old boy, with one year history of recurrent right facial swelling and radiographic finding of a maxillary third molar tooth located at the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum, is presented. Under endotracheal intubation, the tooth was extracted through a Caldwell-Luc antrostomy approach and patient had an uneventful recovery and has been symptom free for eight months.

Management of Ludwig's Angina in Pregnancy: A Review of 10 Cases.

Background: Ludwig's angina is a rapidly spreading cellulitis that may produce upper airway obstruction often leading to death.

Aim: The present paper reviews the management of Ludwig's angina in the third trimester of pregnancy. The inherent dangers to the mother and her unborn child are highlighted.

Augmentation of craniofacial defects using alloplastic material.

Background: Alloplastic materials are increasingly being used in augmentation of craniofacial defects because of its ready availability, good aesthetic outcome and absence of donor site morbidity. This paper highlights experience in the use of heat-cured acrylic in augmentation cranioplasty.

Subjects And Methods: The management of three patients with anterior skull defect who presented at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital over a five-year period is presented.

Maxillofacial tumors and tumor-like lesions in a Nigerian teaching hospital: an eleven year retrospective analysis.

Background: This paper reviews the types, prevalence and demographic distribution of maxillofacial tumors, cysts and tumor-like lesions in a Nigerian population.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records and histological reports of patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors and cystic lesions who presented to the Maxillofacial Unit of our institution over an eleven year period was undertaken. Information on demographics, histological diagnosis and clinical presentation were obtained and analyzed.

Comparative study of the effect of warm saline mouth rinse on complications after dental extractions.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of saline mouth rinse on postoperative complications following routine dental extractions. Patients aged ≥16 years, who were referred to the oral surgery clinic with an indication for non-surgical extraction of pathologic teeth, were prospectively and uniformly randomized into three groups. Group A (n=40) were instructed to gargle six times daily with warm saline and group B (n=40) twice daily; group C (n=40) were not instructed to gargle with warm saline and served as controls.

Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma of the maxilla: a case report and review of the literature.

Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma is a rare benign but locally aggressive tumor with high recurrent potentials. Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma poses diagnostic challenges because of its rapidly growing nature. A 7-years-old female child presented to the pediatric unit of our institution with a 9-month history of right maxillary tumor.

Pediatric maxillofacial injuries at a Nigerian teaching hospital: a three-year review.

Aim: To determine the nature of pediatric maxillofacial injuries, according to etiology and characteristics of patients.

Materials And Methods: The records of patients aged 15 years and below who presented with maxillofacial trauma to the Maxillofacial Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria over a 3-year period were retrospectively examined. Patients' demographic and etiologic factors were obtained and analyzed.

Oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS infections in paediatric Nigerian patients.

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the pattern and frequency of oral lesions and to compare the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions in paediatric Nigerian patients on HAART with those not on HAART.

Materials And Methods: All patients aged 15 years and below attending the Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of HIV were consecutively examined in a cross-sectional study over a 2-year period. Information was obtained by history, physical examinations, HIV testing, and enumeration of CD+ T cells.