Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing in children at a tertiary hospital in a resource constraint, low-income sub-Saharan African country-the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program.

Background: Resistance to multiple antibiotics by several pathogens has been widely described in children and has become a global health emergency. This is due to increased use by parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers. This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of antibiotic prescribing, ascertain the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs, and target improving the quality of antibiotic prescribing in the paediatric population over time in a hospital.

Towards a bidirectional decoloniality in academic global health: insights from settler colonialism and racial capitalism.

This Viewpoint considers the implications of incorporating two interdisciplinary and burgeoning fields of study, settler colonialism and racial capitalism, as prominent frameworks within academic global health. We describe these two modes of domination and their historical and ongoing roles in creating accumulated advantage for some groups and disadvantage for others, highlighting their relevance for decolonial health approaches. We argue that widespread epistemic and material injustice, long noted by marginalised communities, is more apparent and challengeable with the consistent application of these two frameworks.

'Prospective audit with intervention and feedback' as a core antimicrobial stewardship strategy in the paediatrics department of a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood illnesses, especially for non-bacterial infections, contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) in all healthcare institutions is a strategic intervention to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antimicrobial consumption and tackle AMR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prospective audit with intervention and feedback as an antimicrobial stewardship strategy on antimicrobial use, evaluate prescribers' response to recommendations and determine the rate of AMR in the Paediatrics Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

A Public Health Critical Race Praxis Informed Congestive Heart Failure Quality Improvement Initiative on Inpatient General Medicine.

Background: Prior evaluation at our hospital demonstrated that, compared to White patients, Black and Latinx patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) were less likely to be admitted to the cardiology service rather than the general medicine service (GMS). Patients admitted to GMS (compared to cardiology) had inferior rates of cardiology follow-up and 30-day readmission.

Objective: To develop and test the feasibility and impacts of using quality improvement (QI) methods, in combination with the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) framework, to engage stakeholders in developing an intervention for ensuring guideline-concordant inpatient CHF care across all patient groups.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey.

Introduction: As of 26 March 2021, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention had reported 4 159 055 cases of COVID-19 and 111 357 deaths among the 55 African Union member states; however, no country has published a nationally representative serosurvey as of October 2021. Such data are vital for understanding the pandemic's progression on the continent, evaluating containment measures, and policy planning.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey in Sierra Leone in March 2021 by randomly selecting 120 Enumeration Areas throughout the country and 10 randomly selected households in each of these.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey.

Background As of 26 March 2021, the Africa CDC had reported 4,159,055 cases of COVID-19 and 111,357 deaths among the 55 African Union Member States; however, no country has published a nationally representative serosurvey as of May 2021. Such data are vital for understanding the pandemic's progression on the continent, evaluating containment measures, and policy planning. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey in Sierra Leone in March 2021 by randomly selecting 120 Enumeration Areas throughout the country and 10 randomly selected households in each of these.

Erratum: Resuming endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: ESGE, WEO and WGO Joint Cascade Guideline for Resource Limited Settings.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/a-1400-9135.].

Heart Failure Admission Service Triage (H-FAST) Study: Racialized Differences in Perceived Patient Self-Advocacy as a Driver of Admission Inequities.

Background Racial inequities in mortality and readmission for heart failure (HF) are well documented. Inequitable access to specialized cardiology care during admissions may contribute to inequity, and the drivers of this inequity are poorly understood. Methodology This prospective observational study explored proposed drivers of racial inequities in cardiology admissions among Black, Latinx, and white adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of HF.

Soot particle morphology and nanostructure with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation.

This study investigates the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles during cold-start and hot-start engine operation of a diesel engine using oxygenated fuels. The soot samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen content in the fuel was varied between 0 and 12%.

Therapeutic Use of Acetaminophen and Light to Moderate Alcohol: Are There Early Disparate Risks for Kidney Disease?

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common medication taken in the United States. Using the 2003-2004 U.S.

Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy - An update on Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Routine screening for Chlamydia and gonococcal infection in pregnancy is not widespread, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite their potential adverse consequences on pregnancy outcome. We conducted a systematic literature search of three major databases to review current literature surrounding Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in pregnancy. We discuss the epidemiology and burden of both infections, detection methods, potential adverse feto-maternal and infant outcomes and provide an overview of treatment options.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa.

As with all other fields of medical practice, gastrointestinal endoscopy has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data on the impact of the pandemic in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. A web-based survey was conducted by the International Working Group of the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the World Endoscopy Organization to determine the impact and effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on endoscopists in African countries.

Feasibility study of prospective audit, intervention and feedback as an antimicrobial stewardship strategy at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance, a global problem, is mostly a consequence of misuse or overuse of antimicrobials. This study sought to audit the compliance to hospital antimicrobial policy and determine the ability of medical students to carry out audits.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study to determine compliance with departmental policies in the preceding 2 months in the Children's Emergency Room (ChER) using a checklist.

Familial adenomatous polyposis with synchronous invasive colonic carcinomas and metastatic jejunal adenocarcinoma in a Nigerian male.

Familial adenomatous polyposis is rare. Three cases were previously reported in Nigeria. An intriguing feature of this case is an ulcerated jejunal carcinoma which was metastatic rather than synchronous carcinoma.

Gestational gigantomastia with complete resolution in a Nigerian woman.

Physiological enlargement of the breasts occurs at puberty and during pregnancy. It is known as gestational gigantomastia when enlargement in pregnancy becomes excessive, uncomfortable and embarrassing. Gestational gigantomastia may have far reaching effects for the mother and fetus.

Krukenberg tumour simulating uterine fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Objective: To report a case of cancer of the colon which presented as secondaries to the ovaries.

Method: Case report.

Summary: The case presented is that of a 39-year-old female who presented with lower abdominal pain and a multinodular pelvic mass which led to an initial diagnosis of multiple uterine fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Racial differences in diabetes self-management and quality of care in Texas.

Aim: To assess racial/ethnic differences in diabetes self-management behaviors and quality of care in Texas.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed self-management behaviors and quality of care in 1720 adults with diabetes in the 2002-2004 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used for assessing the independent association between race/ethnicity, self-management behaviors, and quality of care variables controlling for covariates.

Bilateral benign phyllodes tumour in a nulliparous woman: a case report and review of literature.

Cystosarcoma Phyllodes is an uncommon disease of the breast with variable clinical behaviour. Its incidence is reported as 1% of all breast tumours. The occurrence of bilateral disease is very rare.

Familial adenomatous polyposis complicated with an invasive colo-rectal adenocarcinoma in a 26-year-old Nigerian male - a rare finding.

Familial adenomatous polyposis is very rare in our environment. This condition occurring with a complication of a colorectal cancer has never been reported to the best of our knowledge. We present a case of a 26-year-old Nigerian man who came to us in February this year with a 10-year history of watery stool, which is also mucoid with tenesmus.

Do HIV care providers appropriately manage hepatitis B in coinfected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy?

Background: The common occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients who carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) demands that both viruses be recognized, evaluated, and treated when appropriate.

Methods: We identified 357 HIV- and hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients who underwent testing from 1999 to 2003; 155 patients who were new to our clinic and who initiated therapy for HIV and HBV coinfection were considered for inclusion in the study. The frequency of HIV testing (to determine HIV load and CD4+ cell count) performed during the first year of therapy was compared with the frequency of HBV measurements (to determine hepatitis B e antigen, antibody to hepatitis B e antigen, and HBV load), abdominal ultrasound examination, and measurement of levels of alpha-fetoprotein in serum.