How old are you? A systematic review investigating the relationship between age and mandibular third molar maturity.

Introduction And Objective: Radiographic evaluation of the maturity of mandibular third molars is a common method used for age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific base for the relationship between a fully matured mandibular third molar based on Demirjian's method and chronological age, in order to assess whether an individual is above or below the age of 18 years.

Methods: The literature search was conducted in six databases until February 2022 for studies reporting data evaluating the tooth maturity using Demirjian´s method (specifically stage H) within populations ranging from 8 to 30 years (chronological age).

Family life starts at home: Fathers' experiences of a newly implemented Swedish home-based postnatal care model - an interview study.

Objective: To explore and describe fathers' experiences of a newly implemented Swedish home-based postnatal care model.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted as a part of a larger study.

Setting: Families who qualified to be discharged early were offered to participate in a postnatal home-based model of midwifery care by a hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.

Organisational models of health services for children and adolescents in out-of-home care: Health technology assessment.

Aim: Decades of research confirm that children and adolescents in out-of-home care (foster family, residential care) have much greater health care needs than their peers. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate organisational health care models for this vulnerable group.

Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken of the following databases: Academic Search Elite, CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cinahl, DARE, ERIC, HTA, PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PubMed, SocIndex.

Oral health and dental care of older persons-A systematic map of systematic reviews.

Objectives: To examine the current knowledge on oral health status and dental care of older persons through a systematic mapping of systematic reviews of low or moderate risk of bias.

Background: Geriatric dentistry covers all aspects of oral health and oral care of older persons. Oral health is part of general health and contributes to a person's physical, psychological and social wellbeing.

Effects of Bacterial Contamination on Dental Implants During Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Contamination during surgery negatively influences the prognosis of orthopaedic implants; however, it has not been proven whether contamination influences the success of dental implant treatment. The aim of the systematic review was to investigate if there exists evidence in the literature whether contamination of dental implants during surgery affects osseointegration and clinical success.

Materials And Methods: Four data bases were used for the literature search.

Pharmacological treatment of oro-facial pain - health technology assessment including a systematic review with network meta-analysis.

This health technology assessment evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in patients with oro-facial pain. Randomised controlled trials were included if they reported pharmacological treatment in patients ≥18 years with chronic (≥3 months) oro-facial pain. Patients were divided into subgroups: TMD-muscle [temporomandibular disorders (TMD) mainly associated with myalgia]; TMD-joint (TMD mainly associated with temporomandibular joint pain); and burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

The GRADE Working Group clarifies the construct of certainty of evidence.

Objective: To clarify the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) definition of certainty of evidence and suggest possible approaches to rating certainty of the evidence for systematic reviews, health technology assessments, and guidelines.

Study Design And Setting: This work was carried out by a project group within the GRADE Working Group, through brainstorming and iterative refinement of ideas, using input from workshops, presentations, and discussions at GRADE Working Group meetings to produce this document, which constitutes official GRADE guidance.

Results: Certainty of evidence is best considered as the certainty that a true effect lies on one side of a specified threshold or within a chosen range.

TOP TEN RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT.

Objectives: The aim of this project was to identify the ten most important research questions for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment as identified by people with ADHD together with personnel involved in the treatment of ADHD in school, health, and correction services.

Methods: A working group consisting of consumers and personnel was established. The method for prioritization was primarily based on James Lind Alliance's guidebook, consisting of an interim priority setting exercise and a workshop.

Arginine and Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To evaluate the available evidence that the use of arginine-containing dental care products prevents the development of new caries lesions and the progression of existing lesions.

Search Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE.

Selection Criteria: We selected randomized controlled trials of treatment with arginine in fluoride-containing dental products measuring dental caries incidence or progression in children, adults and elderly subjects.

Framework for systematic identification of ethical aspects of healthcare technologies: the SBU approach.

Objectives: Assessment of ethical aspects of a technology is an important component of health technology assessment (HTA). Nevertheless, how the implementation of ethical assessment in HTA is to be organized and adapted to specific regulatory and organizational settings remains unclear. The objective of this study is to present a framework for systematic identification of ethical aspects of health technologies.

Bioportide: an emergent concept of bioactive cell-penetrating peptides.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have proven utility for the highly efficient intracellular delivery of bioactive cargoes that include peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. The many strategies developed to utilize CPPs solely as pharmacokinetic modifiers necessarily requires them to be relatively inert. Moreover, it is feasible to combine one or multiple CPPs with bioactive cargoes either by direct chemical conjugation or, more rarely, as non-covalent complexes.

Quasi-stationary plane-wave optical pulses and the van Cittert-Zernike theorem in time.

We study the properties of quasi-stationary, partially coherent, plane-wave optical pulses in the space-time and space-frequency domains. A generalized van Cittert-Zernike theorem in time is derived to describe the propagation of the coherence function of quasi-stationary pulses. The theory is applied to rectangular pulses chopped from a stationary light source, and the evolution characteristics of such pulse trains with different states of coherence are discussed and illustrated with numerical examples.

Overcoming methotrexate resistance in breast cancer tumour cells by the use of a new cell-penetrating peptide.

Resistance to chemotherapy limits the effectiveness of anti-cancer drug treatment. Here, we present a new approach to overcome the setback of drug resistance by designing a conjugate of a cell-penetrating peptide and the cytostatic agent methotrexate (MTX). Two different peptides, YTA2 and YTA4, were designed and their intracellular delivery efficiency was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by fluorometry.

Increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 hybrid receptors and decreased glycosylation of the insulin receptor alpha- and beta-subunits in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma N2a cells.

We have previously shown that ScN2a cells (scrapie-infected neuroblastoma N2a cells) express 2-fold- and 4-fold-increased levels of IR (insulin receptor) and IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor) respectively. In addition, the IR alpha- and beta-subunits are aberrantly processed, with apparent molecular masses of 128 and 85 kDa respectively, as compared with 136 and 95 kDa in uninfected N2a cells. Despite the 2-fold increase in IR protein, the number of (125)I-insulin-binding sites was slightly decreased in ScN2a cells [Ostlund, Lindegren, Pettersson and Bedecs (2001) Brain Res.

Loss of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in scrapie-infected N2a cells.

In scrapie-infected cells, the conversion of the cellular prion protein to the pathogenic prion has been shown to occur in lipid rafts, which are suggested to function as signal transduction platforms. Neuronal cells may respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment with a sustained and elevated nitric oxide (NO) release. Because prions and the major LPS receptor CD14 are colocalized in lipid rafts, the LPS-induced NO production in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells was studied.

Altered insulin receptor processing and function in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell lines.

The underlying neurochemical changes contributing to prion-induced neurodegeneration remain largely unknown. This study shows that scrapie infection induced a 2-fold increase of insulin receptor (IR) protein and aberrantly processed IR beta-chain in scrapie-infected N2a neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a) as measured by Western blot of immunoprecipitated IR, in the absence of increased IR mRNA. Elevated IR protein level was further confirmed in an independently scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115 (ScN1E-115).

Up-regulation of functionally impaired insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells.

A growing body of evidence suggests that an altered level or function of the neurotrophic insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which supports neuronal survival, may underlie neurodegeneration. This study has focused on the expression and function of the IGF-1R in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that scrapie infection induces a 4-fold increase in the level of IGF-1R in two independently scrapie-infected neuroblastomas, ScN2a and ScN1E-115 cells, and that the increased IGF-1R level was accompanied by increased IGF-1R mRNA levels.

Radiation efficiency of partially coherent electromagnetic beams.

We present a general definition of the radiation efficiency of stationary electromagnetic fields and prove that it is bounded between zero and unity for beams of any state of coherence and polarization. The radiation efficiency may be interpreted as a measure of how directed the radiated fields are, and therefore it can be used to assess the allowed spatial coherence and intensity variations across a beam. We consider a class of partially coherent electromagnetic fields that were recently introduced in the literature and evaluate the radiation efficiencies for two particular examples, namely, the azimuthally polarized symmetric beams and the dipolar beams that are nearly linearly polarized in the central region.

Acute-phase responses in transgenic mice with CNS overexpression of IL-1 receptor antagonist.

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an endogenous antagonist that blocks the effects of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha and IL-1beta by occupying the type I IL-1 receptor. Here we describe transgenic mice with astrocyte-directed overexpression of the human secreted IL-1ra (hsIL-1ra) under the control of the murine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Two GFAP-hsIL-1ra strains have been generated and characterized further: GILRA2 and GILRA4.

Delineation of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in fever induction.

Bacterial lipopolypolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever involves induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6, both in the periphery and in the brain. These molecules can induce expression of each other and also regulate expression of their own receptors in a complex manner. The functional hierarchy of these highly inducible proteins is therefore difficult to determine.

IL-6 is essential in TNF-alpha-induced fever.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine that orchestrates an array of local and systemic effects. For instance, acute exposure to a high dose of TNF-alpha results in septic shock and fever. We have used interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)- and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-deficient mice, along with their wild-type equivalents, to define a role for TNF-alpha in fever.

Simultaneous measurement of brain and core temperature in the rat during fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia and sleep.

The neuropathological outcome of metabolic, vascular or mechanical insults to the CNS depends on brain temperature; mild hypothermia is neuroprotective, whereas elevated brain temperature can cause additional neural damage. Studies in both animals and humans have shown that the core and the brain temperature do not always concur with one another. It is therefore important to develop methods for monitoring brain temperature.

A retrospective radiographic study of alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis.

Lately, it has been questioned whether localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) is restricted to the permanent dentition, or if it sometimes might have a prepubertal onset, involving the primary dentition. To clarify this question, 17 patients with LJP, together with 17 non-LJP matched controls, were retrospectively examined for radiographic signs of alveolar bone destruction in their primary dentitions. All LJP subjects but one showed localized marginal bone loss, whereas no bone loss was observed among the controls.