Contribution of HIV transmission bursts to future HIV infections, United States.

Objective: To estimate the influence of bursts of rapid HIV transmission on future transmission and describe populations affected by transmission bursts.

Design: Phylogenetic analysis of US National HIV Surveillance System data.

Methods: Time-scaled phylogenetic trees were inferred for six geographic regions using sequences from persons with HIV (PWH) with diagnoses of HIV infection 2014-2019.

[Everything can - nothing must? Peer support on acute psychiatric wards].

Peer support is recommended for improving acute psychiatric care, but research is lacking. This qualitative study examines the impact, particularly on coercive measures, through semi-structured interviews with four peers, four patients, and twelve (non-peer) staff members from two acute psychiatric wards. Analysis shows that peers experience unique opportunities and challenges in this context.

Enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits.

We present an enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits. Best-in-class vectors were curated for accessing major striatal neuron populations including medium spiny neurons (MSNs), direct and indirect pathway MSNs, as well as Sst-Chodl, Pvalb-Pthlh, and cholinergic interneurons. Specificity was evaluated by multiple modes of molecular validation, three different routes of virus delivery, and with diverse transgene cargos.

Children and adolescents at risk for seclusion and restraint in inpatient psychiatric treatment: a case control study.

Unlabelled: To reduce coercion in acute inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric units, a better understanding of individuals at risk for seclusion and/or restraint (S/R) is needed. We report data on the proportion of patients secluded/restrained and factors associated with higher risk of S/R. Identifying preventative mechanisms through risk stratification upon inpatient admission can aid the training of mental health professionals, and support shaping specific workflows for at-risk populations for example by joint crisis plans or post-coercion review sessions.

Enhancements to the National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2013-2023.

HIV infection is monitored through the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) to help improve the health of people with HIV and reduce transmission. NHSS data are routinely used at federal, state, and local levels to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission in the United States. We describe the expanded use of HIV surveillance data since the 2013 NHSS status update, during which time the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) coordinated to revise the HIV surveillance case definition to support the detection of early infection and reporting of laboratory data, expanded data collection to include information on sexual orientation and gender identity, enhanced data deduplication processes to improve quality, and expanded reporting to include social determinants of health and health equity measures.

Understanding Pediatric Physical Therapists' Experiences With Middle Eastern Patients and Arabic Interpreters: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore pediatric physical therapists' (PTs') experiences including successes, challenges, and barriers with cross-cultural communication with Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern children and their families who require interpreter services.

Methods: Eight PTs consented to participate in qualitative dyadic interviews. Transcription and interviews were conducted virtually in Microsoft Teams.

Patients' expectations of primary health care from both patients' and physicians' perspectives: a questionnaire study with a qualitative approach.

Background: Patients' ideas, concerns, and expectations are three important concepts in consultation techniques. Limited studies on these concepts include responses from both health care providers and care recipients of the same consultation. Highlighting both perspectives provides an increased understanding of the consultation.

Increased levels of circulating soluble CD226 in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The glycoprotein CD226 plays a key role in regulating immune cell function. Soluble CD226 (sCD226) is increased in sera of patients with several chronic inflammatory diseases but its levels in neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are unknown.

Objective: To investigate the presence and functional implications of sCD226 in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and other neurological diseases.

Simulation of Full HIV Cluster Networks in a Nationally Representative Model Indicates Intervention Opportunities.

Background: Clusters of rapid HIV transmission in the United States are increasingly recognized through analysis of HIV molecular sequence data reported to the National HIV Surveillance System. Understanding the full extent of cluster networks is important to assess intervention opportunities. However, full cluster networks include undiagnosed and other infections that cannot be systematically observed in real life.

The value of utility payment history in predicting first-time homelessness.

Homelessness is a costly and traumatic condition that affects hundreds of thousands of people each year in the U.S. alone.

Enhancer-AAVs allow genetic access to oligodendrocytes and diverse populations of astrocytes across species.

Proper brain function requires the assembly and function of diverse populations of neurons and glia. Single cell gene expression studies have mostly focused on characterization of neuronal cell diversity; however, recent studies have revealed substantial diversity of glial cells, particularly astrocytes. To better understand glial cell types and their roles in neurobiology, we built a new suite of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-based genetic tools to enable genetic access to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

A laminar model for the joint development of ocular dominance columns and CO blobs in the primary visual cortex.

In this paper, we present a multi-layer, activity-dependent model for the joint development of ocular dominance (OD) columns and cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs in primate V1. For simplicity, we focus on layers 4C and 2/3 with both layers receiving direct thalamic inputs and layer 4C sending vertical projections to layer 2/3. Both the thalamic and the vertical connections are taken to be modifiable by activity.

Coercive measures in psychiatry - When do they occur and who is at risk?

Coercive measures (CM) in psychiatry adversely affect patients and efforts to minimize CM are steadily increasing. One area that has not been a strong focus of preventative efforts to date is the time of use of CM during hospitalization although previous research indicates that the admission situation and early hospitalization are times of increased risk for CM. This study therefore aims to contribute to the body of research in this field by analyzing in detail the times of use of CM and identifying patient characteristics serving as predictors for CM during early hospitalization.

First report of causing crown rot on banana fruits in Brazil.

Banana is a fruit of great importance in Brazil and crown rot cause considerable damage and losses (Ploetz et al. 2003). The disease is associated with fungal complexes, especially the sensu lato (Kamel et al.

Parental personality disorder and child maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Parental pathology may affect parenting capacity and is deemed a risk factor for child maltreatment. Especially parental personality disorder (PD) can significantly burden the relationship and interaction between parents and their children.

Objective: This meta-analytic review aims to summarize and quantify the influence of parental PD on the occurrence / the risk of child maltreatment.

Public Health Response to Clusters of Rapid HIV Transmission Among Hispanic or Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men - Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 2021-2022.

During February 2021-June 2022, the Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH) detected five clusters of rapid HIV transmission concentrated among Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in metropolitan Atlanta. The clusters were detected through routine analysis of HIV-1 nucleotide sequence data obtained through public health surveillance (1,2). Beginning in spring 2021, GDPH partnered with health districts with jurisdiction in four metropolitan Atlanta counties (Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett) and CDC to investigate factors contributing to HIV spread, epidemiologic characteristics, and transmission patterns.

First report of causing crown rot on banana in Brazil.

Postharvest diseases compromise banana quality and cause high economic losses in Brazil. Among them, the crown rot prevails and its causal agents belong to distinct fungal species such as (Berk. & Curt.

Optimized detector configurations for the reconstruction of phase-contrast images in scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Using the differential phase contrast mechanism and anti-symmetric detector geometries it is possible to image distributions of electric and magnetic fields in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Different detector geometries can be used for imaging and, due to their efficiency, mainly ring quadrant detectors and pixelated detectors have been used in recent high resolution differential phase contrast experiments. In 4D-Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy one uses a pixelated (2D) detector to obtain the complete scattering distribution for every (2D) image point.

Clusters of Rapid HIV Transmission Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men - United States, 2018-2021.

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 68% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2020* (1). Despite advances in treatment and prevention, HIV transmission among MSM continues, in part because of stigma and barriers to accessing prevention and treatment services (2). HIV cluster detection and response, a core strategy of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States initiative, is an important tool for early identification and response to rapid HIV transmission, including among MSM.

HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons with Monkeypox - Eight U.S. Jurisdictions, May 17-July 22, 2022.

High prevalences of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been reported in the current global monkeypox outbreak, which has affected primarily gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-5). In previous monkeypox outbreaks in Nigeria, concurrent HIV infection was associated with poor monkeypox clinical outcomes (6,7). Monkeypox, HIV, and STI surveillance data from eight U.