Biometry and refractive outcome of eyes filled with silicone oil by standardized echography and partial coherence interferometry.

Background: We evaluated the validity of calculations for refractive outcome in cataract surgery in silicone oil-filled eyes. The retrosilicone space (RSS) was included in these calculations.

Methods: In a prospective study the axial length (AL) of silicone oil-filled eyes was measured.

[Echographic differential diagnosis of optic nerve widening].

Introduction: Standardized echography is a well-established examination technique in ophthalmology. Among other things one of the more important uses is the evaluation of the optic nerve and its abnormalities. One aspect is the use of the stretch-test (originally called the "30 degrees-test") for the differential diagnosis of optic nerve widening.

Choroidal ganglion cell plexus and retinal vasculature in monkeys with laser-induced glaucoma.

The choroid of primates possesses an elaborate nitrergic nerve fiber plexus containing a great number of ganglion cells. Postganglionic nerve fibers innervate mainly the choroidal vasculature. In addition, the choroid contains an elastic muscular system closely associated to the vasculature.

A study of aqueous humor dynamics in keratoconus.

Clinical observations suggest that patients with keratoconus have lower intraocular pressures, on average, than normal subjects. Our purpose was to determine whether differences in aqueous production and outflow facility could account for differences in intraocular pressure between a group of patients with keratoconus and a group of normal, age-matched control subjects. Aqueous humor dynamics were determined by the use of fluorophotometry in one eye of seven patients with keratoconus and ten age-matched normal subjects.

Optic nerve compression from a basal encephalocele.

A woman developed headaches, transient visual obscurations, anosmia, and decreased visual acuity. Ocular examination showed bilateral pulsatile proptosis and disc edema with choroidal folds. Standardized ophthalmic echography showed absence of bony orbital roofs, prominent dural pulsations, direct apposition of brain parenchyma and orbital tissues, and echographic signs suggesting bilateral optic nerve compression.

Ophthalmic features of Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia).

Eight patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS) are reported. In addition to previously reported findings of posterior embryotoxon, pigmentary retinopathy, and choroidal folds, new findings include decreased axial eye lengths, small corneal diameters, and shallow anterior chambers. Optic disc swelling was noted ophthalmoscopically and abnormally increased orbital subarachnoidal fluid was detected through measurements of the arachnoidal diameters with standardized echography.

Acute promyelocytic infiltration of the optic nerve treated by oral trans-retinoic acid.

Background: Oral trans-retinoic acid has recently been shown to be an effective treatment modality for acute promyelocytic leukemia. This type of drug differs from traditional tumoricidal agents by promoting differentiation of the malignant, immature cells.

Methods: The authors describe a patient with optic nerve infiltration by acute promyelocytic leukemia documented ophthalmoscopically and confirmed by standardized echography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Maternal orbital hematoma associated with labor.

We examined two women with orbital hematomas that occurred during labor. Both women developed sudden diplopia, proptosis, and orbital pain. The location of the hematoma was confirmed by orbital echography and computed tomography.

Terson's syndrome. Clinicopathologic correlations.

In seven cases of Terson's syndrome, an elevated, dome-shaped, membrane was detected in the posterior pole by ophthalmoscopy, echography, or during pars plana vitrectomy. Light and electron microscopic examination of two additional eyes obtained postmortem from an acute case of Terson's syndrome revealed that the posterior vitreous face was elevated by blood and that the internal limiting membrane of the retina was intact and in its normal position. In two chronic cases, a dome-shaped epiretinal membrane was excised from the macula during vitrectomy.

Standardized echographic-histopathologic correlations in liposarcoma.

A 57-year-old woman had metastatic liposarcoma of the left orbit that underwent transformation. The primary focus in the abdomen, resected in 1975, was a well-differentiated liposarcoma. Later metastases to the neck and orbit were poorly differentiated, pleomorphic, and highly anaplastic liposarcomas.

Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis.

Thirteen patients complained of recent fluctuating aching of one orbit, punctuated by stabbing pains. All had exquisite point tenderness over the trochlea and in half of the patients the pain was aggravated by eye movement. Standardized A-scan echography demonstrated swelling of the peritrochlear tissue and thickening of the superior oblique muscle with low internal acoustic reflectivity, typical of myositis.

Echographic detection and classification of posterior hyphemas.

A 'posterior hyphema' (in analogy to the classic hyphema seen in the anterior chamber) is a collection of liquid blood at the bottom of a fluid-filled space in the posterior segment of the eye. The horizontal surface of a posterior hyphema produces strong signals echographically which, at first glance, may be confused with signals from a retinal detachment or a preretinal membrane. With the patient being examined in a supine position, a retinal detachment of the inferior posterior fundus involving the macula is suggested.

Metastatic carcinoid unresponsive to radiation therapy presenting as a lacrimal fossa mass.

A case of metastatic carcinoid tumor presenting as a lacrimal fossa mass is described. This appears to be only the fourth case report of metastatic carcinoid to the orbit and the first to include ultrasound evaluation. the tumor mass did not regress despite radiation therapy as documented on serial ultrasound examinations.

The diagnosis and prognosis of atypical carotid-cavernous fistula (red-eyed shunt syndrome).

Nineteen patients who complained of red eyes had the characteristic clinical signs of an atypical carotid-cavernous fistula. Episcleral veins were dilated, intraocular pressure and episcleral venous pressure were high, and blood filled Schlemm's canal during gonioscopy. Most of the patients had mild exophthalmos, but in none was the exophthalmos obviously pulsatile, and in only two patients could a bruit be heard.

[A new echographic sign for the reliable diagnosis of graves' disease (author's transl)].

With standardized echography, an ultrasonic method specifically designed for tissue differentiation, Graves' orbitopathy can be diagnosed reliably and accurately even when the clinical picture and thyroid tests are not typical for this condition (e.g., with unilateral exophthalmus, lack of lid signs, euthyroid status).

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a child.

An unusual case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland occurred in an 11-year-old child. Clinical, echographic, and histopathologic characteristics, as well as the management of this usually fatal disease, are discussed. The subtle signs and symptoms of this tumor were noted at the age of 9 years.

Congenital mucocele of the lacrimal sac.

Two infants had congenital mucocele of the lacrimal sac. The diagnosis of this condition was aided by ultrasound. Congenital mucocele is one of the few indications for immediate lacrimal system probing in the neonatal period.