From orogeny to rifting: insights from the Norwegian 'reactivation phase'.

Based on observations from the Mid-Norwegian extensional system, we describe how, when and where the post-Caledonian continental crust evolved from a context of orogenic disintegration to one of continental rifting. We highlight the importance of a deformation stage that occurred between the collapse mode and the high-angle faulting mode often associated with early rifting of continental crust. This transitional stage, which we interpret to represent the earliest stage of rifting, includes unexpected large magnitudes of crustal thinning facilitated through the reactivation and further development of inherited collapse structures, including detachment faults, shear zones and metamorphic core complexes.

Complex fault interaction controls continental rifting.

Rifted margins mark a transition from continents to oceans and contain in their architecture a record of their rift history. Recent investigations of rift architecture have suggested that multiphase deformation of the crust and mantle lithosphere leads to the formation of distinct margin domains. The processes that control transitions between these domains, however, are not fully understood.

Primary Paget's disease of the penis. Case report.

A 64-year-old man presented to the dermatology clinic with primary genital Paget's disease. He was treated conservatively and died of metastases nine years later. The natural history of the lesion is malignant, and radical excision is recommended.

Clinical patch test data evaluated by multivariate analysis. Danish Contact Dermatitis Group.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of individual explanatory factors, such as sex, age, atopy, test time and presence of diseased skin, on clinical patch test results, by application of multivariate statistical analysis. The study population was 2166 consecutive patients patch tested with the standard series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) by members of the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group (DCDG) over a period of 6 months. For the 8 test allergens most often found positive (nickel, fragrance-mix, cobalt, chromate, balsam of Peru, carba-mix, colophony, and formaldehyde), one or more individual factors were of significance for the risk of being sensitized, except for chromate and formaldehyde.

Evaluation of the dimethylglyoxime stick test for the detection of nickel.

The value of the dimethylglyoxime stick test for the detection of nickel was determined for 54 randomly purchased metal objects designed for prolonged skin contact, and for 15 metal alloys of known composition. Surface nickel content was determined by EDAX analysis (energy dispersive X-ray) and nickel release in synthetic sweat was measured by Zeemann atomic absorption spectrometry. The study confirmed that the dimethylglyoxime stick test will identify most nickel containing alloys.

Tin: an overlooked contact sensitizer?

Patch tests with metallic tin in 73 nickel-sensitive patients revealed 6 positive allergic reactions. Only 4 doubtful reactions were seen, which makes irritancy unlikely. The relevance and clinical significance of the unexpected finding deserves further evaluation.

Contact allergy to parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz-Bip. (feverfew, Asteraceae) and cross-reactions to related sesquiterpene lactone containing Compositae species.

A case of specific, delayed hypersensitivity induced by repeated contact with a wild form of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is reported. In the flowers investigated the content of the responsible contact allergen parthenolide--a potent sesquiterpene lactone--appeared to be 10 times greater (0.6-0.

Contact dermatitis to chlorhexidine.

In a 3-year period, 551 patients were patch tested with chlorhexidine gluconate 1% in water. 14 patients showed a strong and obviously relevant reaction. A severe dermatitis developed during treatment with a chlorhexidine preparation in 10 patients with venous or traumatic ulcers of the leg, and in 4 patients with skin infection on the face and/or scalp.

Contact urticaria from nickel and plastic additives (butylhydroxytoluene, oleylamide).

In two patients urticaria was elicited by contact with nickel-containing objects. Chamber-prick test with nickel sulfate 2.5% in pet.