Leveraging the genetic diversity of trout in the rivers of the British Isles and northern France to understand the movements of sea trout ( L.) around the English Channel.

Populations of anadromous brown trout, also known as sea trout, have suffered recent marked declines in abundance due to multiple factors, including climate change and human activities. While much is known about their freshwater phase, less is known about the species' marine feeding migrations. This situation is hindering the effective management and conservation of anadromous trout in the marine environment.

Valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy provides durable haemostatic control for up to 7 years for haemophilia A.

Introduction: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is an adeno-associated virus vector serotype 5 (AAV5)-mediated gene therapy approved for severe haemophilia A (HA).

Aim: To report the safety and efficacy of valoctocogene roxaparvovec 7 years after dosing in a phase 1/2 clinical study (NCT02576795).

Methods: Males ≥18 years with severe HA (factor VIII [FVIII] ≤1 international unit [IU]/dL) who were previously receiving exogenous FVIII and had no history of FVIII inhibitors or anti-AAV5 antibodies received valoctocogene roxaparvovec treatment and were followed for 7 (6 × 10 vg/kg; n = 7) and 6 (4 × 10 vg/kg; n = 6) years.

Transitioning from emicizumab prophylaxis to valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy: A simulation study for individuals with severe haemophilia A.

Introduction: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec, a gene therapy evaluated in the phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial, supports endogenous factor VIII (FVIII) production to prevent bleeding in people with severe haemophilia A. Individuals receiving emicizumab, an antibody mimicking the function of activated FVIII, were excluded from GENEr8-1 enrolment since emicizumab was an investigational therapy at the time of trial initiation.

Aim: Utilize pharmacokinetic simulations to provide guidance on best practices for maintaining haemostatic control while transitioning from emicizumab prophylaxis to valoctocogene roxaparvovec.

Three-year outcomes of valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy for hemophilia A.

Background: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec transfers a human factor (F)VIII coding sequence into hepatocytes of people with severe hemophilia A to provide bleeding protection.

Objectives: To present 3-year efficacy and safety in the multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial.

Methods: GENEr8-1 enrolled 134 adult males with severe hemophilia A who were receiving FVIII prophylaxis.

Wheelchair skills training for caregivers of manual wheelchair users: a randomized controlled trial comparing self-study and remote training.

Unlabelled: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, we tested the hypotheses that, in comparison with control participants receiving only self-study materials (SS group), caregivers of manual wheelchair users who additionally receive remote training (RT group) have greater total Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q) performance and confidence scores post-training and at follow-up; and that self-study and remote training each individually lead to such gains. We studied 23 dyads of wheelchair users and their caregivers. Caregivers in the SS group received a handbook and videorecording.

The importance of consensus science to managing phosphorus in the environment: SERA-17 and the legacy of Andrew Sharpley.

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural systems to surface waters, and ultimately, eutrophication, presents a wicked problem requiring transdisciplinary solutions. The mission of SERA-17 (Southern Extension and Research Advisory Information Exchange Group-17) has been to address this problem by developing "Innovative Solutions to Minimize Phosphorus Losses from Agriculture." Over the course of his career, Dr.

Balancing agriculture and environment: Andrew Sharpley's nutrient, soil, and water management legacy.

Managing agricultural phosphorus (P) to balance food security and water quality priorities is a massive challenge fraught with uncertainty and competing interests. Throughout his career, Andrew Sharpley addressed this challenge by building our understanding of the fundamental principles and processes that control P behavior in agricultural land, developing tools to assess P losses, and then evaluating and refining nutrient, soil, and water beneficial management practices (BMPs). Together with an exceptionally large and diverse group of collaborators, Sharpley developed, tested, refined, calibrated, and validated management practices and risk assessment tools to develop site-specific recommendations for the right practices, in the right places, and at the right times.

Long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene transfer up to 6 years post-treatment.

Introduction: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec uses an adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5) vector to transfer a factor VIII (FVIII) coding sequence to individuals with severe haemophilia A, providing bleeding protection.

Aim: To assess safety and efficacy of valoctocogene roxaparvovec 5-6 years post-treatment.

Methods: In a phase 1/2 trial, adult male participants with severe haemophilia A (FVIII ≤1 IU/dL) without FVIII inhibitors or anti-AAV5 antibodies received valoctocogene roxaparvovec and were followed for 6 (6 × 10 vg/kg; n = 7) and 5 (4 × 10 vg/kg; n = 6) years.

A short history of the phosphorus index and Andrew Sharpley's contributions from inception through development and implementation.

In the 1980s, growing recognition of agricultural phosphorus (P) sources to surface water eutrophication led to scrutiny of animal feeding operations. In 1990, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) invited prominent scientists to find a solution. It was at an initial meeting that Dr.

Incorporating the benefits of vegetative filter strips into risk assessment and risk management of pesticides.

The pesticide registration process in North America, including the USA and Canada, involves conducting a risk assessment based on relatively conservative modeling to predict pesticide concentrations in receiving waterbodies. The modeling framework does not consider some commonly adopted best management practices that can reduce the amount of pesticide that may reach a waterbody, such as vegetative filter strips (VFS). Currently, VFS are being used by growers as an effective way to reduce off-site movement of pesticides, and they are being required or recommended on pesticide labels as a mitigation measure.

A Remote-Learning Course can improve the subjective wheelchair-skills performance and confidence of wheelchair service providers: an observational cohort study.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that a Remote-Learning Course improves the subjective wheelchair-skills performance and confidence of wheelchair service providers, and to determine the participants' views on the Course.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study, with pre-post comparisons. To meet the objectives of the six-week Course, the curriculum included self-study and weekly one-hour remote meetings.

Uncertainty in phosphorus fluxes and budgets across the US long-term agroecosystem research network.

Phosphorus (P) budgets can be useful tools for understanding nutrient cycling and quantifying the effectiveness of nutrient management planning and policies; however, uncertainties in agricultural nutrient budgets are not often quantitatively assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate uncertainty in P fluxes (fertilizer/manure application, atmospheric deposition, irrigation, crop removal, surface runoff, and leachate) and the propagation of these uncertainties to annual P budgets. Data from 56 cropping systems in the P-FLUX database, which spans diverse rotations and landscapes across the United States and Canada, were evaluated.

Effect of travel direction and wheelchair position on the ease of a caregiver getting an occupied wheelchair across a soft surface: a randomized crossover trial.

Purpose: To test the hypotheses that, in comparison with pushing an occupied upright manual wheelchair forward, pulling backward on the push-handles improves the objective and subjective ease with which a caregiver can get the wheelchair across a soft surface (e.g., grass, mud, sand, gravel); and the ease with which a caregiver can get the wheelchair across a soft surface improves if the wheelchair is tipped back into the wheelie position.

Prestige and financial stability: motivating factors to pursue a doctor of pharmacy degree.

Objective: This study aims to identify factors influencing students' decision to pursue a doctorate in pharmacy (PharmD).

Methods: Focus-group interviews and quantitative surveys were used in sequence to investigate pharmacy students' motivations. A total of 36 current PharmD students from two US colleges of pharmacy participated in five focus groups.

A low-density single nucleotide polymorphism panel for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) suitable for exploring genetic diversity at a range of spatial scales.

The rivers of southern England and northern France which drain into the English Channel contain several genetically unique groups of trout (Salmo trutta L.) that have suffered dramatic declines in numbers over the past 40 years. Knowledge of levels and patterns of genetic diversity is essential for effective management of these vulnerable populations.

Why soil testing is not enough: A mixed methods study of farmer nutrient management decision-making among U.S. producers.

Understanding farmers' nutrient management decision-making is critical to minimizing nutrient loss to water resources. This research examines farmer decision-making in the United States surrounding nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) and water quality among 105 farmers in Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio. Data were collected between 2015 and 2016 using a mixed-methods approach of in-person farmer interviews and accompanying quantitative surveys with demographic and Likert ranking questions.

P-FLUX: A phosphorus budget dataset spanning diverse agricultural production systems in the United States and Canada.

Quantifying spatial and temporal fluxes of phosphorus (P) within and among agricultural production systems is critical for sustaining agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts. To better understand P fluxes in agricultural landscapes, P-FLUX, a detailed and harmonized dataset of P inputs, outputs, and budgets, as well as estimated uncertainties for each P flux and budget, was developed. Data were collected from 24 research sites and 61 production systems through the Long-term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and partner organizations spanning 22 U.

Demographics of mental healthcare presentations in a northwest Ontario emergency department.

Objectives: Providing emergency mental health services for populations in remote rural areas of Canada is challenging. Program needs are distinct. We describe the emergency mental health workload and service needs at the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre (SLMHC) in northwest Ontario.

Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for optimum agricultural production, but it also causes water quality degradation when lost through erosion (sediment-attached P), runoff (soluble reactive P; SRP), or leaching (sediment-attached P or SRP). Implementation of conservation practices (CP) affects P at the source (avoiding), during transport (controlling), or at the water resource edge (trapping). Trade-offs often occur with CP implementation.

Magnitude of transmission among household and non-household contacts of TB patients.

The household and non-household contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) face varying degrees of risk of infection by . To quantify new infection and to determine the risk factors associated with new infection among named contacts in San Francisco, CA, USA. We performed a cohort study in patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB.

Development of PLEAD: A Database Containing Event-based Runoff Phosphorus Loadings from Agricultural Fields.

Computer models are commonly used for predicting risks of runoff P loss from agricultural fields by enabling simulation of various management practices and climatic scenarios. For P loss models to be useful tools, however, they must accurately predict P loss for a wide range of climatic, physiographic, and land management conditions. A complicating factor in developing and evaluating P loss models is the relative scarcity of available measured field data that adequately capture P losses before and after implementing management practices in a variety of physiographic settings.

Interplay of strain and race/ethnicity in the innate immune response to M. tuberculosis.

Background: The roles of host and pathogen factors in determining innate immune responses to M. tuberculosis are not fully understood. In this study, we examined host macrophage immune responses of 3 race/ethnic groups to 3 genetically and geographically diverse M.

Southern Phosphorus Indices, Water Quality Data, and Modeling (APEX, APLE, and TBET) Results: A Comparison.

Phosphorus (P) Indices in the southern United States frequently produce different recommendations for similar conditions. We compared risk ratings from 12 southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) using data collected from benchmark sites in the South (Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas). Phosphorus Index ratings were developed using both measured erosion losses from each benchmark site and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 predictions; mostly, there was no difference in P Index outcome.

Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff Quality from Agricultural Fields in the Southern Region of the United States.

The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model has been widely applied to assess phosphorus (P) loss in runoff water and has been proposed as a model to support practical decisions regarding agricultural P management, as well as a model to evaluate tools such as the P Index. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of APEX to simulate P losses from agricultural systems to determine its potential use for refinement or replacement of the P Index in the southern region of the United States. Uncalibrated and calibrated APEX model predictions were compared against measured water quality data from row crop fields in North Carolina and Mississippi and pasture fields in Arkansas and Georgia.

Comparing an Annual and a Daily Time-Step Model for Predicting Field-Scale Phosphorus Loss.

A wide range of mathematical models are available for predicting phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural fields, ranging from simple, empirically based annual time-step models to more complex, process-based daily time-step models. In this study, we compare field-scale P-loss predictions between the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE), an empirically based annual time-step model, and the Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool (TBET), a process-based daily time-step model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. We first compared predictions of field-scale P loss from both models using field and land management data collected from 11 research sites throughout the southern United States.