Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in pneumonic lungs from apparently healthy sheep and goats slaughtered at Al-Hasaheisa slaughterhouse, Gezira state, central Sudan.

The study aimed to investigate the presence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in pneumonic lung tissues from clinically apparently healthy sheep and goats and further demonstrating its prevalence in Gezira state, central Sudan. During March 2019, 99 pneumonic lung samples were collected from apparently healthy sheep (80) and goats (19) from Al-Hasaheisa slaughterhouse located in Al-Hasaheisa locality, Gezira state. Using the haemagglutination (HA) test for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigen, an overall antigenic prevalence of 86.

A Longitudinal Case-Based Global Health Curriculum for the Medical Student Clerkship Year.

Introduction: Over 20% of U.S. medical students express interest in global health (GH) and are searching for opportunities within the field.

The Modified Prone Jack-knife Position for the Excision of Female Urethral Diverticula.

Background: Female urethral diverticula (UD) are an uncommon and often overlooked aetiology in women presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms, urethral pain, and recurrent urinary tract infection. With increasing awareness, appropriate imaging is more commonly undertaken with consideration given to surgical management.

Objective: The video presented demonstrates the technique for excising large and/or complex UD using a modified prone jack-knife position-a position that offers excellent surgical access and allows the surgeon to operate in a more ergonomic position.

Managing Big Data for Addressing Research Questions in a Collaborative Project on Automated Driving Impact Assessment.

While extracting meaningful information from big data is getting relevance, literature lacks information on how to handle sensitive data by different project partners in order to collectively answer research questions (RQs), especially on impact assessment of new automated driving technologies. This paper presents the application of an established reference piloting methodology and the consequent development of a coherent, robust workflow. Key challenges include ensuring methodological soundness and data validity while protecting partners' intellectual property.

Diet Composition of the Wild Stump-Tailed Macaque () in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia, Using a Chloroplast tRNL DNA Metabarcoding Approach: A Preliminary Study.

Understanding dietary diversity is a fundamental task in the study of stump-tailed macaque, in its natural habitat. However, direct feeding observation and morphological identification using fecal samples are not effective and nearly impossible to obtain in natural habitats because this species is sensitive to human presence. As ecological methods are challenging and time-consuming, DNA metabarcoding offers a more powerful assessment of the diet.

Prevalence and Population-Attributable Risk for Chronic Airflow Obstruction in a Large Multinational Study.

The Global Burden of Disease program identified smoking and ambient and household air pollution as the main drivers of death and disability from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To estimate the attributable risk of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), a quantifiable characteristic of COPD, due to several risk factors. The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study is a cross-sectional study of adults, aged ≥40, in a globally distributed sample of 41 urban and rural sites.

Six Months Guided Exercise Therapy Improves Motor Abilities and White Matter Connectivity in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides the state of putative connectivity from lesioned areas to other brain areas and is potentially beneficial to monitor intervention outcomes. This study assessed the effect of a 6 months guided exercise therapy on motor abilities and white matter diffusivity in the brains of cerebral palsy (CP) children.

Methods: This is a single arm pre-and post-test research design involving 10 spastic CP children, aged 8-18 years and whose Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E & R) at least Level 21 with the ability to ambulate independently.

Building Longitudinal Relationships Into a Traditional Block Clerkship Model: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: The authors describe the implementation of the novel Longitudinal Clinical Experiences with Patients (LCEP) curriculum, designed to integrate continuity and longitudinal patient relationships into a traditional block clerkship (BC), and present a mixed-methods analysis evaluating program effectiveness to assess its feasibility, value, and impact.

Method: This was a mixed-methods study of 54 Harvard Medical School students who participated in the LCEP during their core clerkship (third) year during the 2013-2014 academic year. Fifty-two students responded to an electronic survey about the patients they followed during the LCEP.

The Clinical and Prognostic Implications of Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers Expression and Their Correlation with the WNT signal pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of SOX2, SOX9, p53, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five patients were enrolled in this study. All patients had full clinical and follow-up data and available paraffin blocks.

A qualitative study on midwives' identity and perspectives on the occurrence of disrespect and abuse in Maputo city.

Background: Midwifery care plays a vital role in the reduction of preventable maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. There is a growing concern about the quality of care during facility based childbirth and the occurrence of disrespect and abuse (D&A) worldwide. While several studies have reported a high prevalence of D&A, evidence about the drivers of D&A is scarce.

Characterization and assessment of naturally mutant non-pathogenic O27 strain and their potential use as poultry probiotics.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the molecular characteristics of naturally mutant non-pathogenic O27 strain of and its efficacy as probiotic in broilers and determine the best age at which it can be administered.

Materials And Methods: A total of 24 virulence genes using 24 sets of primers were detected using the polymerase chain reaction technique. For probiotics experiments, 60 chicks (day 1 old) were divided into three groups, 20 per group, and reared for 4 weeks.

A cross-sectional study of the role of men and the knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy in southern Mozambique.

Background: The role of the male partner and wider family in maternal health, especially in case of emergencies, has been receiving increasing attention over the last decade. Qualitative research has highlighted that women depend on others to access high quality maternity care. Currently little is known about these factors in relation to maternal health in Mozambique.

Transplantation in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic: How should transplant patients and programs be handled?

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, transplant programs worldwide have been severely impacted with dwindling numbers of transplantations performed and a complete halt in several areas. In this review we examine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection presents differently in transplant recipients, whom and how we should test, how susceptible the transplant population is to overt infection and describe the range of outcomes. From retrieved published reports on SARS-CoV-2infections in 389solid organ transplant recipients reported in the literature, the overall mortality rate was 16.

Root architecture, rooting profiles and physiological responses of potential slope plants grown on acidic soil.

Globally, there has been an increase in the frequency of landslides which is the result of slope failures. The combination of high intensity rainfall and high temperature resulted in the formation of acidic soil which is detrimental to the healthy growth of plants. Proper plant coverage on slopes is a prerequisite to mitigate and rehabilitate the soil.

Intrinsic stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for smart drug delivery of antibacterial agents-An in-depth review of the last two decades.

Antibiotic resistance due to suboptimal targeting and inconsistent antibiotic release at bacterial infection sites has driven the formulation of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for antibacterial therapy. Unlike conventional nanocarriers, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have the ability to specifically enhance targeting and drug release profiles. There has been a significant escalation in the design and development of novel nanomaterials worldwide; in particular, intrinsic stimuli-responsive antibiotic nanocarriers, due to their enhanced activity, improved targeted delivery, and superior potential for bacterial penetration and eradication.

Exosomal expression of RAB27A and its related lncRNA Lnc-RNA-RP11-510M2 in lung cancer.

Objectives: Examine the diagnostic role of serum exosomal RAB27A mRNA in lung cancer and evaluate the relation of LncRNAs to lung cancer in association to RAB27A mRNA in Egyptian population.

Methods: Exosomal RNA-based biomarkers RAB27A mRNA and Lnc-RNA-RP11-510M2.10 were selected based on bioinformatic methods, followed by RT-qPCR validation of their expression in serum of 20 patients with lung cancer, 10 patients with COPD and 10 healthy volunteers.

Factors associated with HIV serodiscordance among couples in Mozambique: Comparison of the 2009 INSIDA and 2015 IMASIDA surveys.

Recent studies suggest that a large proportion of new HIV-1 infections in mature epidemics occurs within discordant couples, making discordancy a major contributor to the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This paper aims at assessing changes over a five-year period (2009-2015) on the (risk) factors associated with HIV serodiscordance among couples in Mozambique, using cross-sectional data from the INSIDA and IMASIDA surveys. The pooled data of both surveys were analyzed using a joint model for three parameters characterizing in a particular way disagreement and sero(con/dis)corance between the HIV statuses of couples, as introduced by Aerts et al.

Serum visfatin concentration and its relationship with sex hormones in obese Saudi women.

Objective: Visfatin is an adipokine secreted mainly by adipose tissue and has been implicated in obesity. It also mimics the effects of insulin and its expression is hormonally regulated by hormones. Serum visfatin concentrations were evaluated in Saudi women of different body weights to determine its relationships with sex hormones and obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) in women in Saudi Arabia.

Food sensitization in preschool Egyptian children with recurrent wheezing.

Background: Food allergy is common in children with prevalence up to 10%. We assessed the clinico-laboratory characteristics and frequency of food sensitization to the commonly consumed food among upper Egyptian preschool children with recurrent wheezy chest.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 preschool children with recurrent wheezy chest recruited from Emergency, Allergy, and Pulmonology units, Assiut University Children's Hospital, Egypt.

A case study on interface pressure pattern of two garment orthoses on a child with cerebral palsy.

Many studies have shown that medical compression products produce different levels of interface pressure during the usage of the products. However, limited studies have explored the pattern of interface pressure exerted by orthotic garments. This case study aimed to investigate the pattern of interface pressure exerted by two types of orthotic garments on a child with cerebral palsy.

Orthoses versus gait retraining: Immediate response in improving physical performance measures in healthy and medial knee osteoarthritic adults.

The conservative techniques of treating knee osteoarthritis (kOA) include wearing orthoses such as knee braces and laterally wedged insoles and applying gait modification techniques such as toe-in gait and toe-out gait. This study aimed at assessing the immediate effects of these techniques in improving physical function of healthy and kOA participants. Five Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommended performance-based tests were randomly applied to measure physical function: (1) 30-second chair stand test (30CST), (2) 40-m (4 × 10) fast-paced walk test (40FPW), (3) stair climb test (SCT), (4) timed up and go test (TUGT) and (5) 6-minute walk test (6MWT) during a single-visit on 20 healthy and 20 kOA patients (age: 59.