Serum vitamin D concentrations in young Turkish women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible role of vitamin D deficiency in primary dysmenorrhea by assessing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in a cohort which includes young Turkish women with primary dysmenorrhea and healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: A total of 683 women who were aged between 18 and 25 years and who were consecutively admitted to the study center were eligible. After the exclusion of 55 women, 184 women with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned into the dysmenorrhea group and 184 women without dysmenorrhea were randomly allocated into the control group.

Comparison of four different pain relief methods during hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the most commonly used method for evaluating the anatomy and patency of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and is an important tool in the evaluation of infertility. The most frequent side effect is the pain associated with the procedure.

Objectives: To evaluate four analgesic methods to determine the most useful method for reducing discomfort associated with HSG.