The incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalisation in migrants in the UK: Findings from the Virus Watch prospective community cohort study.

Background: Migrants in the United Kingdom (UK) may be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure; however, little is known about their risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisation during waves 1-3 of the pandemic.

Methods: We analysed secondary care data linked to Virus Watch study data for adults and estimated COVID-19-related hospitalisation incidence rates by migration status. To estimate the total effect of migration status on COVID-19 hospitalisation rates, we ran mixed-effect Poisson regression for wave 1 (01/03/2020-31/08/2020; wildtype), and mixed-effect negative binomial regressions for waves 2 (01/09/2020-31/05/2021; Alpha) and 3 (01/06/2020-31/11/2021; Delta).

SARS-CoV-2 infections in migrants and the role of household overcrowding: a causal mediation analysis of Virus Watch data.

Background: Migrants are over-represented in SARS-CoV-2 infections globally; however, evidence is limited for migrants in England and Wales. Household overcrowding is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, with migrants more likely to live in overcrowded households than UK-born individuals. We aimed to estimate the total effect of migration status on SARS-CoV-2 infection and to what extent household overcrowding mediated this effect.

Factors affecting psychological well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative surveys.

Financial status is thought to be an important determinant of psychological well-being. We investigate this relationship, and the effect of other factors, using a parametric mixed modelling approach for panel data, controlling the problem of unobservable heterogeneity. Two nationally representative surveys, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey (USS), were used to construct a unified data set which measured psychological well-being and associated factors using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).

Change the habit to change the practice: Do audits really ever change anything?

Introduction: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) eradication by nurses and pre-op induction antibiotics are mandated for emergency surgery, where true status is unknown. We assessed adherence to local MRSA guidelines for patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery and employed point of decision prompts to influence clinicians' behaviour.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective record review for all patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery at a UK major trauma centre over 3-months.

Advances in pancreas transplantation.

The potential to reverse diabetes has to be balanced against the morbidity of long-term immunosuppression associated with transplantation. For a patient with renal failure, the treatment of choice is often a simultaneous transplant of the pancreas and kidney or pancreas after kidney. For a patient with glycaemic instability, choices between a solid organ or islet transplant have to be weighed against benefits and risks of remaining on insulin.

An Application of the Multivariate Linear Mixed Model to the Analysis of Shoulder Complexity in Breast Cancer Patients.

In this study, four major muscles acting on the scapula were investigated in patients who had been treated in the last six years for unilateral carcinoma of the breast. Muscle activity was assessed by electromyography during abduction and adduction of the affected and unaffected arms. The main principal aim of the study was to compare shoulder muscle activity in the affected and unaffected shoulder during elevation of the arm.

Angiosarcoma and Dialysis-related Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Comprehensive Review.

Objective/background: To conduct a comprehensive review of cases, presentation, diagnosis, and management of angiosarcoma in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) created for haemodialysis.

Methods: Two authors independently conducted systematic searches and extraction of articles from the Embase, AMED, Health Management Information Consortium, and MEDLINE databases in keeping with the inclusion/exclusion criteria and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.

Results: Twenty-two unique patient cases were identified; 20 of the cases were men and mean ± SD age of presentation was 54.

Beyond the body: A systematic review of the nonphysical effects of a surgical career.

Background: Training as a physician has been demonstrated to be a source of personal and familial distress; we sought to assess and analyze the holistic impact of a surgical career by examining nonphysical effects on surgeons and their families.

Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched systematically from inception to June 2014 in accordance with PRISMA guidance. Two reviewers independently reviewed articles using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Clinical assessment of carotid atherosclerosis inflammation by positron emission tomography.

Stroke caused by carotid atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the developed world. For carotid plaques within the neurovascular territory of a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, surgical removal of the plaque (endarterectomy) has been clearly shown to reduce future cerebrovascular events. Management of asymptomatic plaques, however, is less clear because only a minority of these plaques will ultimately become symptomatic.

Irreversible electroporation for focal ablation at the porta hepatis.

Patients with chemotherapy-refractory liver metastases who are not candidates for surgery may be treated with focal ablation techniques with established survival benefits. Irreversible electroporation is the newest of these and has the putative advantages of a nonthermal action, preventing damage to adjacent biliary structures and bowel. This report describes the use of irreversible electroporation in a 61-year-old man with a solitary chemoresistant liver metastasis unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation as a result of its proximity to the porta hepatis.