Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis by Immunological Features Using Machine Learning.

Despite the achievements of modern medicine, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The difficulties in differential diagnosis have particular relevance in the case of suspicion of tuberculosis with other granulomatous diseases. The most similar clinical and radiologic changes are sarcoidosis.

COVID-19 and Tuberculosis: Mathematical Modeling of Infection Spread Taking into Account Reduced Screening.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cessation of many tuberculosis (TB) support programs and reduced screening coverage for TB worldwide. We propose a model that demonstrates, among other things, how undetected cases of TB affect the number of future () infections. The analysis of official statistics on the incidence of TB, preventive examination coverage of the population, and the number of patients with bacterial excretion of in the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2021 is carried out.

Slow magnetic relaxation in a complex of photochromic spiropyran in a merocyanine form and cobalt(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate.

The interaction between photochromic 8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitro-spiro[chromene-2,2'-indole] (MNSP) and cobalt(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate yields a deep red-violet solution due to the coordination-induced transition of MNSP from a colorless closed state to a colored open merocyanine (MC) form. The resulting complex {Co(hfac)·MNSP} (1) is obtained as crystals, and its structure at 250 K shows the coordination of two oxygen atoms from MNSP with Co, forming a distorted octahedral surrounding around Co. The unit cell of 1 contracts below 170 K by 5.

Assessment of Comorbidity in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

A wide range of comorbidities, especially in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients, markedly complicates selecting effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and preventing the development of adverse events. At present, it is impossible to assess the severity of comorbid pathologies and develop indications for the administration of accompanying therapy in TB patients. The aim of this study was to identify the difference in the range of comorbidities between patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB and assess the impact of comorbidities on TB treatment.

Efficacy of Tuberculosis Treatment in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis with the Use of Bedaquiline: The Experience of the Russian Federation.

Unlabelled: In the conditions of the continued growth of multiple- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, use of the new highly effective anti-tuberculosis drugs in this patient category is of great relevance. The aim of the study was determination the efficacy of treatment in patients with multidrug- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis using bedaquiline based on studies published in the Russian Federation.

Materials And Methods: The authors analyzed data published in studies from 2014 to 2022; 41 publications were included in total and 17 articles corresponded to the study design.

Adsorption of viral particles from the blood plasma of patients with viral hepatitis on nanodiamonds.

Adsorption of viral particles from the blood plasma of patients with viral hepatitis B and C on modified nanodiamonds (MNDs) was shown in the in vitro experiments. PCR method showed the treatment of plasma with MNDs leads to a decrease in the viral load by 2-3 orders of magnitude or more in both cases studied. These results make it possible to predict the applicability of MNDs for the development of new technologies of hemodialysis and plasmapheresis for binding and removal of viral particles from the blood of infected patients.

[Obstructive scleroobliteration as atreatment of varicocele].

Authors developed and used the method of obstructive scleroobliteration with use of occlusive balloon catheter as a treatment for 32 patients. Advantages of this method: 1. Possibility of scleroobliteration in isolated area of the left internal testicular vein and its branches.

[Effect of preparation "Korargin" on metabolic syndrome manifestations in adult and old rats exposed to x-ray irradiation].

Introduction to the diet of adult and old rats for 30 days after R-irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy drug "Korargin" prevented the development of some manifestations of radioinduced metabolic syndrome (MS) in animals of both age groups: in adult irradiated animals--a tendency to decrease insulin levels in blood plasma, increase of cholesterol levels in liver tissue, significantly increased serum high density lipoprotein as compared both to controls and irradiated animals, prevented the decrease in the levels of anions NO2- and NO3- in tissue of the aorta and anions NO2- in tissue of the heart; in old irradiated animals--prevented tended to increase of body weight, the increase in insulinresistance (index HOMA), the decrease in the level of anions NO2- in the aorta tissue, increased levels of anions NO2- and NO3- in the heart tissue compared to controls. Prevention through drug "Korargin" some manifestations of radioinduced MS in adult and old animals, indicates the prospects of exploring the possibility of correction of the violations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, in individuals of both age groups.

[Telomere elongation and prolongation of lifespan in rats by unblocking of telomere caps].

Telomeres are the ends of chromosomes and are non-coding DNA "end-capped" with structures containing DNA-quadruplexes and proteins. Telomeres become shorter after each cell division, which is one of the mechanisms of gradual ageing. Telomerase is the reverse transcriptase responsible for the extension of telomere length.

[Role of microorganisms in etiology and pathogenesis of aging].

This review demonstrates the theory of presumably main role of microorganisms as a trigger of well-known mechanisms of ageing. It is shown that latent and chronic infections may initiate and support processes of senescence, stimulating signs of ageing and age-related diseases.

[Regional circulation in gunshot wounds of the ankle joint and foot].

Problems of treatment of battle injuries of the ankle joint and foot are discussed. These injuries are characterized with severe disturbances of regional circulation and microcirculation causing hypoxia and metabolic disorders both in soft tissues and in bones. Digital substraction angiography (DSA) was used in 7 wounded (7.

Neural correlates of the results-of-action acceptor in a functional biotechnical complex.

This report presents data illustrating the neurophysiological features of efferent-afferent convergence on cortical neurons. During combination of stimulus of pyramidal tract axons with electrocutaneous reinforcement, some of the study neurons were found to change the parameters of their activity evoked by stimulation of this tract: evoked responses started to reproduce the structure of responses to the reinforcement. The most dynamic rearrangements of pyramidal tract responses were obtained in experiments in which the study neurons were included in a biotechnical complex with feedback, the complex consisting of "neuron-computer-stimulator-animal" and actually being an analog of a natural functional system.

[Neuron correlates of the action result acceptor in a functional biotechnical complex structure].

This study presents data illustrating neurophysiological features of the efferent-afferent convergence on the cortex neurons. It was established that, during the process of combining stimulation of the pyramidal tract (PT) axons with electrical skin reinforcement, a significant amount of neurons under study changed parameters of the activity evoked by the PT-stimulation. The most clear reconstruction of the PT-responses was obtained in experiments with inclusion of neurons into biotechnical complex by means of the feed back: "neuron-computer-stimulating devices-animal", representing an analogue of the functional system.

[Essential measures of an organizational-medical character aimed atdecreasing the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system and mortality caused by them in modern Russia].

Mortality caused by diseases of the circulatory system is analyzed on the basis of files of the Ministry of Health and of the State Statistical Committee of Russia and the results are correlated to the objective parameters reflecting the potentialities of cardiological service in Russia and the actual status of prophylaxis, including regular check-ups. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations offered.

[The main approaches to reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Russia].

Analysis of medical statistical data and of the socioeconomic situation in the country brought the authors to a conclusion that at present the principal factors responsible for cardiovascular diseases, specifically, coronary disease and cerebrovascular disorders, are environmental factors, such as chronic stress, alcoholism and hard drinking, violation of social and hygienic norms of labor, and a number of factors related to medicine: no prophylactic check-ups and unavailability of effective drugs. "Internal risk factors" should not be disregarded as well: hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, etc. Based on their results, the authors propose measures aimed at limitation of overall stress exposures, alcoholism and hard drinking control, sociohygienic labor protection, re-creation of a system of effective prophylactic check-ups, and making present-day effective drugs available for the population.

[Radiographic endovascular correction of hyperaldosteronism in patients with arterial hypertension].

The authors describe a new method of X-ray endovascular destruction of the adrenal in patients with arterial hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. Destruction of the adrenal is accomplished by acute occlusion of its venous channel by introduction of a 3% thrombovar solution through a catheter installed in the central vein of the suprarenal gland. This method was applied in 22 patients with arterial hypertension; essential hypertension with secondary hyperaldosteronism was found in 18 of them, renoparenchymatous hypertension in 2, aldosteroma of the left adrenal in one, and Itsenko-Cushing's disease in one patient.

[Intraoperative dilatation of the ilio-femoral segment combined with reconstructive operations on the femoral arteries in "multi-level" lesions in patients from the risk group].

The authors analyse experience in the treatment of 96 patients at an increased risk of intervention. Ischemia of the lower extremities with relatively maintained peripheral vascular bed was the main criterion of an indicated operation. The malleolar systolic pressure index of at least 0.

[Diagnostic and therapeutic choices in lung diseases complicated by hemorrhage].

The results of treatment of 76 patients with various diseases of the lungs complicated by hemorrhage are analysed. A complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures were applied in a certain order, including bronchoscopy with temporary occlusion of the bronchi, bronchial arteriography with acute embolization of the bronchial artery. Hemorrhage was arrested in 73 patients with the use of such tactics, in 48 of them an economical operative intervention was carried out.

[Dextran-ferrite distribution in the body of animals in a nonuniform permanent magnetic field].

Dextran-ferrite (DF) was injected via the femoral artery to the dogs and followed by local magnetization (induction 0.3 T, grade 0.024 T/cm).