Rapid Detection and Quick Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus Using the VolTRAX Automated Library Preparation Platform.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of a severe and highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild swine. The current ASFV pandemic strain has a high mortality rate, severely impacting pig production and, for countries suffering outbreaks, preventing the export of their pig products for international trade. Early detection and diagnosis of ASFV is necessary to control new outbreaks before the disease spreads rapidly.

Two-pore domain K channel, TASK-1, in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Pulmonary vascular tone is strongly influenced by the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle cells, depolarization promoting Ca2+ influx, and contraction. The resting potential is determined largely by the activity of K+-selective ion channels, the molecular nature of which has been debated for some time. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the two-pore domain K+ channel, TASK-1, mediates a noninactivating, background K+ current (IKN), which sets the resting membrane potential in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).

Potassium channels underlying the resting potential of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

1. The molecular identity of the K channels giving rise to the negative membrane potential of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells has yet to be determined. 2.

Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways to regulate ion channels in PC12 cells.

Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) stimulates calcium transients and catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin and PC12 cells. The PACAP type 1 receptor in these cells couples to both adenylyl cyclase and phospolipase C pathways, but although phospolipase C has been implicated in the response to PACAP, the role of adenylyl cyclase is unclear. In this study, we show that PACAP38 stimulates Ca(2+) influx in PC12 cells by activating a cation current that depends upon the dual activation of both the PLC and adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways but does not involve protein kinase C.

Potential role for kv3.1b channels as oxygen sensors.

Hypoxia inhibits voltage-gated K channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASM). This is thought to contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by promoting membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) influx, and contraction. Several of the K-channel subtypes identified in pulmonary artery have been implicated in the response to hypoxia, but contradictory evidence clouds the identity of the oxygen-sensing channels.

Oxygen-sensing potassium currents in pulmonary artery.

The pulmonary vasculature is sensitive to the relative components of the respiratory gases and will vasoconstrict in response to decreased oxygen (O2) levels. This hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) controls pulmonary blood flow in the fetus and serves to maximize ventilation perfusion matching in the adult lung. The exact mechanism of HPV is not fully understood but it appears to involve direct effects on both the endothelium and smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall.

Resting potentials and potassium currents during development of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

The pulmonary circulation changes rapidly at birth to adapt to extrauterine life. The neonate is at high risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, a common cause being perinatal hypoxia. Smooth muscle K+ channels have been implicated in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in adults and O2-induced vasodilation in the fetus, channel inhibition being thought to promote Ca2+ influx and contraction.

Influence of chronic hypoxia on the contributions of non-inactivating and delayed rectifier K currents to the resting potential and tone of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle.

Exposing rats to chronic hypoxia increased the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) sensitivity of pulmonary arteries. 1 mM 4-AP caused smooth muscle cell depolarization and contraction in arteries from hypoxic rats, but had little effect in age-matched controls. Chronic hypoxia downregulated delayed rectifier K+ current (IK(V)), which was nearly 50% blocked by 1 mM 4-AP, and non-inactivating K+ current (IK(N)), which was little affected by 1 mM 4-AP.

Effect of molluscan neuropeptide RAPYFVamide on identified Helix pomatia L. neurons.

1. The effect of Mytilus inhibitory peptide-related peptide RAPYFVamide, isolated from Helix pomatia brain, was studied on 21 different identified Helix neurons. 2.

Regulation of the resting potential of rabbit pulmonary artery myocytes by a low threshold, O2-sensing potassium current.

1. The contributions of specific K+ currents to the resting membrane potential of rabbit isolated, pulmonary artery myocytes, and their modulation by hypoxia, were investigated by use of the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. 2.

Properties of a novel K+ current that is active at resting potential in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

1. An outward current (IK(N)) was identified in rabbit pulmonary artery myocytes, which persisted after Ca(2+)-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ currents were blocked by TEA (10 mM) and glibenclamide (10 microM), respectively, and after A-like (IK(A)) and delayed rectifer (IK(V)) K+ currents were inactivated by clamping the cell at 0 mV for 10 min. It was found in smooth muscle cells at all levels of the pulmonary arterial tree.

Inward rectification of the large conductance potassium channel in smooth muscle cells from rabbit pulmonary artery.

Large conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels were studied in smooth muscle cells enzymatically dissociated from rabbit pulmonary artery. The current-voltage relationship of single channels recorded in cell-attached patches revealed strong inward rectification, which disappeared after patch excision. Cell permeabilization with saponin, beta-escin or equinatoxin II also removed rectification.

Neurochemical, electrophysiological and immunocytochemical evidence for a noradrenergic link between the sympathetic nervous system and thymocytes.

The object of these experiments was to investigate whether noradrenaline is the signal neurotransmitter between the sympathetic nervous system and rat thymocytes. Using immunocytochemistry, evidence was obtained that the rat thymus (thymic capsule, subcapsular region and connective tissue septa) is innervated by noradrenergic varicose axons terminals (tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunostained nerve fibres). This innervation is mainly associated with the vasculature and separately from vessels along the thymic tissue septa it branches into the thymic parenchyma.

Activation of calcium current in voltage-clamped rat glomerulosa cells by potassium ions.

1. We examined Ca2+ influx mechanisms using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in primary cultures of rat glomerulosa cells. 2.

Metal ion-induced permeability changes in cell membranes: a minireview.

1. The paper summarizes the effects of the metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ applied externally or internally to the surface membrane of different excitable cells. 2.

The effect of acetylcholine and serotonin on calcium transients and calcium currents in identified Helix pomatia L. neurons.

The results presented demonstrate that in D neurons of the snail Helix pomatia L., acetylcholine (ACh) (10 divided by 100 microM) and serotonin (5-HT) (0.1 divided by 1000 microM) applications reduce both the basal intracellular concentration level ([Ca2+]in) and the amplitudes of calcium transients induced by membrane depolarization.

Evidence that GYKI 52466, a novel non-NMDA antagonist enhances the decay of kainate-induced current in cultured chicken cortical neurons.

The effect of a novel non-competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, GYKI 52466 was studied on the glutamate agonist-induced currents in one month old cultured embryonal chicken brain neurons by a whole cell patch-clamp technique. AMPA, applied in different concentrations (30-1000 microM) did not evoke any current. Kainate evoked an increase of steady-state current (KA-current).

Influence of oxytocin on identified neurons of the brain of the snail Helix pomatia L.

The responses of identified neurons induced by the effect of perfusion with a solution of oxytocin were investigated in this study. Depolarizing, hyperpolarizing, and modulating types of responses were found. It is hypothesized that these responses are associated in the majority of instances with the system of cyclic nucleotides.

Dopamine blocks T-type calcium channels in cultured rat adrenal glomerulosa cells.

Dopamine is known to inhibit aldosterone secretion. In the present study using whole-cell voltage-clamp technique we found that dopamine, bromocriptine and quinpirole inhibit low-threshold (T-type) voltage dependent Ca2+ channels. The inhibiton was sustained and reversible, and it was prevented by sulpiride.

The effect of alpha-latrotoxin on a synaptic connection between identified neurons in the brain of the mollusc Helix pomatia L.

The effect of alpha-latrotoxin on identified monosynaptic peptidergic contacts between identified neurons from the brain of the snail Helix pomatia L. was studied. It was found that, after extracellular application, toxin evoked an increase in the amplitude of the postsynaptic response.

Patch-clamp studies of the oxytocin-induced effects in Helix pomatia L. neurons.

Effect of extracellularly applied oxytocin was investigated on snail neurons in cell attached single channel recording configuration. OXT activated Cl-dependent inward and outward current with amplitude of 1.4 and 1.

Voltage-clamp and single channel analysis of Pb(2+)-induced current in isolated snail neurons.

Pb-activated outward current was investigated in intracellularly perfused, isolated snail neurons. Pb-ions induced non-inactivating but reversible current (IPb). The IPb showed concentration dependence.

[The effect of oxytocin on the identified neurons of the brain in the edible snail Helix pomatia L].

Responses induced by a perfusion by a solution with oxytocin were examined in identified Helix pomatia L. neurons. Depolarizing, hyperpolarizing, and modulatory neuronal responses were observed.

Lead ions close steady-state sodium channels in Helix neurons.

Extracellularly applied Pb2+ (1-150 microM) induced an outward current (IPb) in intracellularly perfused snail neurons. The current-voltage relationship of the Pb(2+)-induced current was linear over the potential range of -100 to -40 mV with negative slope conductance. The Pb-induced current was strongly dependent on the Na+ gradient.