Data-driven malaria prevalence prediction in large densely populated urban holoendemic sub-Saharan West Africa.

Over 200 million malaria cases globally lead to half-million deaths annually. The development of malaria prevalence prediction systems to support malaria care pathways has been hindered by lack of data, a tendency towards universal "monolithic" models (one-size-fits-all-regions) and a focus on long lead time predictions. Current systems do not provide short-term local predictions at an accuracy suitable for deployment in clinical practice.

PREVALENCE OF BACTERAEMIA AMONGST CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN.

Background: Febrile seizures are common among children and these are known to result from the diverse aetiological factors, known to cause fever in children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacteraemia amongst children with febrile seizures at the children's emergency room of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methodos: This was a prospective study involving 147 children who were presented with febrile seizures over a period of 13 months at the University College Hospital Ibadan.

Skin pH and Transepidermal Water Loss Values in Children with Diaper Dermatitis in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background/objectives: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common skin conditions in infants and young children. Among the factors associated with greater frequency of DD are high skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This study examined the prevalence of DD in healthy black children in Nigeria and evaluated the association between skin surface pH, TEWL, and DD in this population.

Responses to spread of.Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa: A review.

Background: The first Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented in its spread, complexity and severity. Comparing responses to spread of the virus in the three most affected countries - Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia- with that in Nigeria, Senegal and Mali where the epidemic was quickly brought under control may guide future mitigation efforts.

Methods: Literature from Pubmed.

Comparison of auditory brainstem response in HIV-1 exposed and unexposed newborns and correlation with the maternal viral load and CD4+ cell counts.

Objective: The effects of maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on hearing of HIV-exposed newborns in sub-Saharan Africa have not been investigated. We determined the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among HIV-exposed newborns and the association between the hearing threshold and maternal and newborn parameters.

Design: A cohort audiometric study of newborns between October 2012 and April 2013.

Oral lesions and their association with CD4 count and viral load in HIV positive Nigerian children.

Background: ral lesions may indicate the presence of HIV infection and may differ in children and adults in different regions.

Aim: To determine the prevalence, types of oral lesions in HIV positive children and their association with the clinical stage, CD4 count and viral load.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving consecutive HIV positive children whose sero-positive status was confirmed with ELISA screening and Western immunoblot.

Blood Transfusion-Associated HIV Infection in Children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: This study describes the epidemiologic features and clinical course of children with blood transfusion-associated HIV infection (TAHI) in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methodology: All children diagnosed to have TAHI at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, were studied and compared with children who acquired HIV vertically using the pediatric HIV database in the hospital.

Results: Transfusion-associated HIV infection accounted for 14 (2.

Mucocutaneous Disorders of Pediatric HIV in South West Nigeria: Surrogates for Immunologic and Virologic Indices.

Objectives: Nigeria has the world's highest burden of pediatric HIV. In the face of paucity of monitoring tests in Nigeria, we studied the spectrum of pediatric mucocutaneous manifestations and evaluated their clinical utility as surrogate markers for immunodeficiency and plasma viral load levels.

Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing mucocutaneous manifestations in 155 HIV-positive children aged 12 weeks to 14 years with 155 HIV-negative children.

Circulatory hepcidin is associated with the anti-inflammatory response but not with iron or anemic status in childhood malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) are the most serious life-threatening clinical syndromes of Plasmodium falciparum infection in childhood. Therefore, it is important to understand the pathology underlying the development of CM and SMA as opposed to uncomplicated malaria (UM). Increased levels of hepcidin have been associated with UM, but its level and role in severe malarial disease remains to be investigated.

Severe childhood malaria syndromes defined by plasma proteome profiles.

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) are the most serious life-threatening clinical syndromes of Plasmodium falciparum infection in childhood. Therefore it is important to understand the pathology underlying the development of CM and SMA, as opposed to uncomplicated malaria (UM). Different host responses to infection are likely to be reflected in plasma proteome-patterns that associate with clinical status and therefore provide indicators of the pathogenesis of these syndromes.

Pre-hospital management of febrile seizures in children seen at the university college hospital, ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Febrile seizures are commonly encountered in emergency paediatric practice. Initial pre-hospital intervention given by caregivers has been shown to impact outcome.

Objectives: To describe the spectrum of pre-hospital interventions given for the treatment of childhood febrile seizures in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Haemoglobinuria among children with severe malaria attending tertiary care in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Haemoglobinuria is one of the manifestations of severe malaria and results from severe intravascular haemolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been implicated in its aetiology. Haemoglobinuria may be associated with severe anaemia and, less frequently, acute renal failure.

Neonatal mortality in an urban population in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Neonatal mortality remains a major contributor to death among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), causes of death, and associated risk factors among hospital live births in a suburban population in Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: A total of 1058 consecutive live newborns at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, were enrolled at birth and followed up in their homes for 28 days.

Prevalence and clinical pattern of paediatric HIV infection at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of Paediatric HIV infection is largely unknown in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, clinical pattern of HIV infection and outcome among new patients aged <15 years using age-specific diagnostic methods.

Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out using the provider initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) model.

Disclosure of HIV status to infected children in a Nigerian HIV Care Programme.

With increasing survival of HIV-infected children, parents face the challenges of disclosure to the children. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of HIV disclosure to children in Ibadan and the factors influencing it in order to guide design of strategies for successful disclosure. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to consecutive consenting caregivers of HIV-infected children aged ≥6 years attending the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between November 2008 and October 2009.

Clinical and Immunological Profile of Pediatric HIV Infection in Ibadan, Nigeria.

In spite of the increasing number of children living with HIV in Nigeria, published data on their clinical profile are few. We describe the clinical profile at presentation of HIV-infected children at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, in a prospective study. Among 272 children studied (149 [54.

Service uptake and performance of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme in the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan has been in existence for more than five years and has scaled up to other sites. The study evaluated the service uptake and performance of the programme using national key indicators. Antenatal and delivery records of women enrolled between July 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed.

HIV/AIDS in 3 generations: case series.

Background: The HIV pandemic is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and generations may be wiped out if effective prevention, treatment, and care are not in place.

Case Reports: A total of 3 families are presented. In the first 2, the children represented the third generation in their families to be infected with HIV and probably had mother-to-child transmission of the disease.

Situation analysis of the existing infant feeding pattern at the commencement of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programme in Ibadan.

Objectives: To evaluate breastfeeding and weaning practices associated socio-demographic factors and knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV among mothers in Ibadan.

Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 513 mothers of children aged 6- 24 months, attending infant welfare clinics. Data collection was by a structured questionnaire, which was supplemented by focus group discussions to further explore some of the issues covered in the survey.

Infant-feeding pattern of HIV-positive women in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme.

Objectives: To evaluate the infant-feeding choices, practices and possible determinants among HIV-positive women enrolled in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving HIV-positive women who had received infant-feeding counselling prior to delivery. A structured questionnaire was administered at < or = 72 hrs and not > or = 6 weeks of delivery and was complemented with an in-depth interview.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum in stools from children attending an immunization clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Tuberculosis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a global challenge making early treatment a mirage. In this study we investigated the stools of children for the presence of mycobacteria.

Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of orphans and non-orphans among HIV-positive children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV-positive orphans and to compare their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with HIV-positive non-orphans.

Methods: A survey was conducted among patients attending the infectious disease clinic of the Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between July 2005 and November 2006. Information obtained included demographic data, orphan status, HIV/AIDS status of parents, current caregiver, school enrolment, and clinical parameters at presentation.

A case of human bite by an 11-year old HIV positive girl in a paediatrics ward.

Biting is a possible mode of transmission of HIV infection, though the risk of such transmission is believed to be low. Children infected with HIV are at risk of psychological complications as a result of direct or indirect effects associated with the disease. We report the case of an 11 year old HIV positive girl with clinical stage IV disease, who was involved in multiple disputes while on admission on the ward.