Addressing Barriers in the University Campus Environment for Neurodivergent Students.

About 15% of the global population is considered neurodivergent (having different ways of sensory processing than what are perceived as neurotypical persons). Persons with neurodivergence typically include those with autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Down Syndrome. Studies have shown that many neurodivergent persons experience sensory processing disorder (SPD).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammographic Findings in Patients 35 Years and Older Presenting with Palpable Breast Lump in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City.

Background: Mammography has become an invaluable tool for diagnosing breast lesions and detecting early breast cancer in women of 35 years and above.

Aims: To correlate the mammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories with the histology in breast lesions and to determine the predictive values, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography.

Patients And Method: This was a one- year prospective study carried out from March 2015 to February 2016.

Evaluation of the electron transfer flavoprotein as an antibacterial target in Burkholderia cenocepacia.

There are hundreds of essential genes in multidrug-resistant bacterial genomes, but only a few of their products are exploited as antibacterial targets. An example is the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), which is required for growth and viability in Burkholderia cenocepacia. Here, we evaluated ETF as an antibiotic target for Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc).

Evisceration following Abdominal Scarification in Neonates.

Invasive traditional practices which are frequently harmful are common in the care of children including neonates in developing countries. We report two cases of evisceration of intra-abdominal viscera in two neonates subjected to abdominal scarification with razor blades following febrile illnesses. The greater omentum and a loop of jejunum, respectively, were eviscerated.

OUTCOMES OF POSTERIOR SAGITTAL ANORECTOPLASTY FOR HIGH ANORECTAL MALFORMATION IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.

Background: Surgical treatment for high anorectal malformations has evolved over the years with introduction of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in the early 80s. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is being perfomed in many centres which necessitates a review of its outcomes in Benin City, Nigeria.

Aim: To report a 10-year outcome and experience gained with posterior saggital anorectoplasty for children diagnosed with high anorectal malformation.

Outcome of primary posterior sagittal anorectoplasty of high anorectal malformation in well selected neonates.

Background: Conventional posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) for high anorectal malformation (ARM) involves initial colostomy creation with its attendant complications, but primary PSARP in neonates requires no initial colostomy.

Objectives: To report on locally adapted inclusion criteria and outcomes of primary PSARP in neonates in Benin City.

Materials And Methods: Babies who presented during the first week of life in clinically stable conditions, without cardiac anomaly, and had hemogram and blood chemistry within normal ranges, were included in this prospective study undertaken at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in 2008-2011.

Postoperative wound infection and perioperative prophylactic versus therapeutic antibiotics in paediatric abdominal surgeries: a five-year review.

Background: Outcome of a most successful surgical procedure may be affected by infective complications. This is a report of postoperative wound infection and outcome of perioperative antibiotics used in children with surgical abdomen.

Methods: Postoperative wound infection and perioperative antibiotics used in children who had abdominal surgeries at two referral paediatric surgical centres between June 2004 and May 2009 were analyzed in a retrospective study.

Pediatric road traffic accident deaths presenting to a Nigerian referral center.

Introduction: Road traffic accident (RTA) is a common cause of pediatric trauma death and disability, constituting a worldwide loss of financial resources and potential manpower. This study was designed to determine the causes, prehospital care, presentation, and injuries that resulted in deaths among pediatric victims of RTA in Nigeria, and to make suggestions, based on the study data, to reduce RTA deaths.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric RTA presenting to a Nigerian referral center.

Repair-oriented categorization of circumcision urethral injury in Benin city, Nigeria.

Background: The wide spectrum of circumcision urethral injury/fistula makes selection of appropriate repair methods challenging in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reports on the outcome of repair-oriented categorization in a Nigerian center.

Methods: Consecutive children presenting with circumcision urethral injury/fistula at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital were categorized into six repair-oriented groups in 2009-2011.

Outcomes of skin closure with suture materials in clean paediatric surgical procedures.

Except through natural orifices, all surgical operations involve making skin incisions which are often closed with suture materials to which the skin may react. This is a five-year (2005-2009) retrospective study of postoperative outcomes of 998 clean skin incisions closed with continuous subcuticular suture materials in 796 children at two Nigerian centres. The children were aged between 1 day and 18 years (mean 6.

Postmortem examinations on deceased neonates: a rarely utilized procedure in an African referral center.

Postmortem examination remains the gold standard for the correct diagnosis of many diseases and for unraveling unexplained causes of death. This paper reports on the poor utilization of autopsy services and encourages parents/caregivers and practitioners to perform postmortem examinations on deceased neonates in sub-Saharan Africa. In a retrospective study, the records of 1093 neonates (653 males and 440 females, ratio 1.

Neck masses in children: etiopathology in a tertiary center.

Background: Neck masses are common in children; they could present diagnostic challenges, and some may be malignant. This study determines the etiology, histopathology, and outcome of treatment in a Nigerian tertiary center.

Materials And Methods: This is a three-year retrospective study of children managed with neck masses at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 2007 and December 2009.

Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric and adolescent trauma deaths in a level 1 trauma centre in Benin city, Nigeria.

Background: Trauma is a common cause of death amongst children/adolescents, and data on its epidemiology and pattern are crucial for policy formulation. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and pattern of paediatric/adolescent trauma death in a Nigerian referral trauma centre.

Methods: The clinical and autopsy data of all paediatric/adolescent trauma death at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between 1999 and 2010 were analysed in a retrospective study.

Audit of antibiotic therapy in surgical neonates in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objective: To report the outcome of commonly used antibiotic combinations in surgical neonates in sub-Saharan African settings.

Methods: A retrospective analysis that determines the outcome of commonly combined antibiotics in surgical neonates between January 2006 and December 2008 at two referral paediatric surgical centres in Benin city was carried out.

Results: Ampicillin ampiclox, metronidazole, gentamicin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were variously combined in the management of 161 neonates with a mean age at presentation of 9.

Peritonitis in children: our experience in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Peritonitis is a surgical emergency of variable etiology with a high mortality rate, particularly in children. This paper reports our experience with the epidemiology and outcome of management of childhood peritonitis in an African setting.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive children with peritonitis managed over six years (2004-2009) at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were included in this prospective experience after approval by the local Ethics Committee.

Acquired rectovaginal fistula in babies of unknown and asymptomatic retroviral positive mothers.

Background: Acquired rectovaginal fistulae managed in three babies of asymptomatic mothers not known to be retroviral positive are presented to heighten clinician suspicion of HIV infection in babies with unexplained cause of acquired rectogenital fistula in regions where routine antenatal HIV screening is not adopted.

Cases: Between 2004 and 2008, three babies aged 6, 10, and 11 months with rectovaginal fistula secondary to perinatal HIV transfer from unknown and asymptomatic positive mothers were managed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Screening of the mothers confirmed the infection, and multidisciplinary approach to treatment, prompt antiretroviral regimen, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, and surgical management gave encouraging results.

Omphalocele management using goal-oriented classification in African centre with limited resources.

In 2000-09, 96 children comprising 57 males and 39 females who were presented between 2 h and 1 week of birth with omphalocele were prospectively managed using goal-oriented classification at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. All were born through spontaneous vaginal delivery, out of which 9 (9.4%) were preterm.

Female children with ambiguous genitalia in awareness-poor subregion.

Congenital aberrations of female children's external genitalia are common worldwide with varied mode of presentation especially in regions with poor awareness. This prospective experience between July 2004 and June 2008 at two Nigerian healthcare facilities is on the mode of presentation and challenges of management of female children with ambiguous genitalia. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 19 (47.

Post genital mutilation giant clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objective: To report overall occurrence, and the mode of presentation and management of girls with post genital mutilation giant clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst in an African subregion.

Methods: This is a prospective experience with female patients who presented at two centers in Benin City, Nigeria, between January 2005 and December 2009 with clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst following underground traditional female genital mutilation performed on neonates.

Results: In total, 37 patients were seen with clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst, 15 (40.

Typhoid ileal perforation in children in Benin city.

Background: Typhoid ileal perforation is a common complication of typhoid fever, a multi-systemic infection, which is endemic in many developing countries.

Objective: This study reviews and compares the incidence, morbidity and mortality at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with other referral centres located in areas with similar socioeconomic and population status.

Materials And Methods: The incidence, morbidity and mortality of typhoid ileal perforation in children treated among Edo People at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, in the period from 1993 to 2007 were retrospectively studied and compared with centres in localities of similar socioeconomic and population status.

Is nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction applicable to children in a resource-poor country?

Background: Nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction gives good results in adults but there are scant studies on its outcome in children. This study reports outcomes and experiences with nonoperative and operative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children in a resource-poor country.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of records of children who were managed with adhesive intestinal obstruction at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 2002 and December 2008.

Causes, spectrum and effects of surgical child abuse and neglect in a Nigerian city.

Background: Children are dependent on parents and care givers for the quality of health care services received and in developing countries, where they are not protected against child abuse; many die as a result of denial of appropriate treatment.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the causes, spectrum and effects of abuse and neglect on surgical children.

Methods: Analysis of cases of surgical child abuse and neglect between January, 1998 and December, 2007 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, was done.

Circumcision mishaps in Nigerian children.

Background/objective: Circumcision may be associated with complications which are usually minor but could be life threatening on certain occasions. This study determined contributory factors, pattern of presentation, challenges of management and outcome of circumcision mishaps in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all male children managed for circumcision mishaps between January 1998 and December 2007 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Outcomes of giant inguinoscrotal hernia repair with local lidocaine anesthesia.

Objective: To report outcomes of giant inguinoscrotal hernia repair using local lidocaine anesthesia in a resource-poor subregion.

Methods: Patients treated with giant inguinoscrotal hernia at 2 private healthcare facilities in Nigeria were studied between January 2004 and December 2008.

Results: A total of 134 patients aged between 13 and 70 (mean 32 +/- 7.