Three dimensional printed models of the airway for preoperative planning of open Laryngotracheal surgery in children: Surgeon's perception of utility.

Background: Preoperative planning of open laryngotracheal surgery is important for achieving good results. This study examines the surgeon's perception of the importance of using life size 3D printed models of the pediatric airway on surgical decision making.

Methods: Life-size three-dimensional models of the upper airway were created based on CT images of children scheduled for laryngotracheal-reconstruction and cricotracheal resection with anastomosis.

Utility of three-dimensional modeling of the fetal airway for ex utero intrapartum treatment.

Recent technological developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing have created new opportunities for applications in clinical medicine. 3D printing has been adopted for teaching and planning complicated surgeries, including maxillofacial, orthopedic reconstructions, and airway manipulation for one-lung ventilation or airway stenting. We present here the first use of such technology to print a model from in utero imaging for intrapartum treatment planning.

Laryngeal Pemphigoid Evolution and Response to Treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to present our experience in treating laryngeal pemphigoid (LP) patients, including disease course, treatment and treatment response, and to search for predictors of response to treatment.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The medical records of all patients with LP from March 2013 to August 2020 were reviewed.

Decreased cerebral oxygen saturation levels during direct laryngoscopy with spontaneous ventilation in children.

Introduction: Direct laryngoscopy in children is usually performed with spontaneous ventilation and monitored by pulse oximetry. It is currently unknown if spontaneous ventilation has an effect on cerebral oxygenation. We hypothesized that cerebral oxygenation may be impeded during direct laryngoscopy with spontaneous ventilation in children.

Combined trans-stomal endotracheal approach to peri-stomal tracheal pathologies in children.

Importance: Peristomal pathologies in tracheostomized children are common and often difficult to treat. They may preclude decannulation even after the initial pathology that required tracheostomy had been resolved.

Objective: We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of combined direct laryngoscopy and trans-stomal endotracheal surgery in the treatment of pediatric peristomal pathologies.

Parental concern as an indicator of the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in children.

Introduction: An accepted screening question for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children is "Does your child snore". However, this has no correlation to severity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a simple 2-item questionnaire that reflects the degree of parental concern to predict the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children as measured by Polysomnography (PSG).

Iatrogenic cholesteatoma originating from a misplaced tympanomeatal flap during tympanoplasty: a series of five patients.

Purpose: To report our experience of a sequence of events that resulted in an iatrogenic cholesteatoma originating from the external auditory canal (EAC) years after tympanoplasty that had included a tympanomeatal flap.

Methods: Data on the presentation and pathogenesis of iatrogenic cholesteatomas arising from misplaced tympanomeatal flaps during tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy were retrieved from the patients' medical records and analyzed.

Results: Five patients were identified with cholesteatomas involving the EAC.

Endoscopic posterior cordotomy for treatment of dyspnea due to vocal fold immobility.

Introduction: Several surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of respiratory distress secondary to vocal fold immobility (VFI), but the contribution of posterior cordotomy (PC) to tracheostomy weaning or prevention has not been studied in depth, particularly in the acute setting. The objective of this study was to show the effectiveness of PC to relieve dyspnea, prevent the need for tracheostomy, and enable decannulation in patients with VFI.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the medical records of all patients whose dyspnea warranted surgical intervention from January 2013 to January 2018.

Usefulness of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology of major salivary gland lesions.

Purpose: To assess the clinical value of ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary gland lesions prior to surgery, for preoperative decision-making and long-term follow-up/outcome.

Materials & Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of 98 consecutive patients with major salivary gland lesions who were treated in a single medical from 2008 to 2017. Preoperative US and FNA was performed in all patients.

The role of laryngeal ultrasound in the assessment of pediatric dysphonia and stridor.

Objectives: Dysphonia and stridor are not infrequent in the pediatric population. Awake nasolaryngoscopy (ANL) is the primary diagnostic procedure used to evaluate a child with stridor and/or dysphonia. The major limitation of this technique is poor cooperation in children, resulting in inadequate visualization of the larynx.

The association between auditory nerve neurovascular conflict and sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Hypothesis: There may be an association between a neurovascular conflict (NVC) of the auditory nerve and unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Background: Compression of cranial nerves by vascular structures can lead to significant symptomatology that may require surgical decompression. Notable examples are trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.

Rigid dilatation of pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis as an adequate alternative to balloon dilatation.

Introduction: Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is the mainstay of endoscopic therapy for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), although there is no evidence that it achieves better results than traditional rigid laryngeal dilators. Rigid bougie dilators are less expensive and easier to use, and confer the advantage of providing tactile information about the stenosis to the surgeon. We analyzed the outcome of endoscopic rigid bougie dilatation of LTS in a large series of children and compared it to the reported results of EBD in the same setting.

Enhanced visualization of the surgical field in pediatric direct laryngoscopy using a three-dimensional endoscopic system.

Background: Direct laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy are currently performed using 2-dimensional endoscopic systems. Our objective was to determine whether a 3-dimensional endoscopic system can enhance visualization of the surgical field in pediatric direct laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted.

Clinical Implications of the Association Between Temporal Bone Tegmen Defects and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence.

Objective: To discuss the clinical implications of the association between temporal bone tegmen dehiscence (TD) necessitating surgical correction and the adjacent dehiscent superior semicircular canal (SSCD).

Study Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Open Approaches to the Anterior Skull Base in Children: Review of the Literature.

 Skull base lesions in children and adolescents are rare, and comprise only 5.6% of all skull base surgery. Anterior skull base lesions dominate, averaging slightly more than 50% of the cases.

Changes in the epidemiology and clinical features of acute mastoiditis following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Objectives: Seven years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in Israel, its effect on the incidence and severity of episodes of acute mastoiditis (AM) remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of AM and describe its clinical features in children during the years that followed the introduction of the PCV13 in comparison with the pre-PCV period.

Methods: Included in this retrospective comparative case series were all pediatric patients diagnosed with AM between Jan.

Rapid onset of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients switching from bisphosphonates to denosumab.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) developed more rapidly in patients who switched from bisphosphonates (BP) treatment to denosumab than in patients who received only denosumab.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral center. Thirty-one patients with ONJ met the inclusion criteria.

A Subjective Rating Scale for Initial Assessment of Sudden Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: To examine the value of a subjective numerical rating scale (NRS) in the initial evaluation of patients suspected of suffering from unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) until a formal audiogram is available.

Study Design: Prospective noncontrolled clinical study.

Methods: Thirty-one consecutive patients referred to the emergency department due to suspected unilateral SSNHL and with no other aural pathology by history or physical examination were enrolled.

Coexisting Vocal Fold Polyps and Sulcus Vocalis: Coincidence or Coexistence? Characteristics of 14 Patients.

Objective: The study aimed (1) to evaluate the prevalence of sulcus vocalis (SV) coexisting with vocal fold polyp (SV-VFP), and (2) to determine the effect of their coexistence on voice quality.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center.

Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent micro direct laryngoscopy due to VFPs between January 2013 and April 2015 were reviewed.

Involvement of the maxillary sinus in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Radiologic aspects.

Background: The use of bisphosphonates is very common among patients with osteoporosis and multiple myeloma as well as those with bone metastases from various malignancies. The benefits of bisphosphonates are well recognized, but it became evident during the past decade that these medications portend the major adverse effect of osteonecrosis of the jaw, known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the specific manifestations of bisphosphonate use on the maxillary sinus in patients with documented bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Informed consent for tonsillectomy: Do parents comprehend the information we provide?

Objective: Informed consent is an important part of the surgical process. Based on our clinical experience, we hypothesized that parents providing consent for their children's tonsillectomy do not comprehend all the information that is given to them by the operating surgeon at the time of a conventional consent process.

Materials And Methods: Parents whose children were scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and/or tympanostomy tubes insertion were enrolled.

Revision endoscopic stapler Zenker's diverticulotomy.

Background: Endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy (ESD) has become an accepted primary treatment for Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Recurrence of symptoms after surgical treatment of ZD is not uncommon, and traditionally patients with recurrent symptomatic ZD were referred to revision surgery by the transcervical Zenker's diverticulectomy approach. Our objective was to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and effectiveness of revision endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy (RESD) for recurrent ZD.

Histopathologic classification of parapharyngeal space tumors: a case series and review of the literature.

The objective of the study is to present a large case series of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPST) and the most comprehensive literature review of tumor histopathologic distribution. The study was designed as internal case series and full Pubmed/MEDLINE electronic database review in a tertiary academic medical center. Tumor histopathology and patient demographics were obtained from a comprehensive Pubmed/MEDLINE database review, as well from an internal case series of 117 patients referred to our center between 1993 and 2013.