Physical Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Composite Deformation Responsible for Fracture Plastic Nature at Cryogenic Temperatures.

In this work, we consider the physical basis of deformation and fracture in layered composite nanocrystalline/amorphous material-low-melting crystalline alloy in a wide temperature range. Deformation and fracture at the crack tip on the boundary of such materials as nanocrystalline alloy of the trademark 5BDSR, amorphous alloy of the trademark 82K3XSR and low-melting crystalline alloy were experimentally investigated. The crack was initiated by uniaxial stretching in a temperature range of 77-293 K.

Perifocal edema and glymphatic system dysfunction: quantitative assessment based on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Pathogenesis of peritumoral cerebral edema is unclear and potentially associated with glymphatic system dysfunction. Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) with analysis of ALPS (Analysis along the Perivascular Space) index may be valuable for assessment of edema. This approach visualizes fluid flow along perivascular spaces of deep cerebral veins.

Factors influencing peritumoral edema in meningiomas: CT- and MRI-based quantitative assessment.

Unlabelled: Background. Meningiomas may be accompanied by peritumoral edema. Incidence and pathogenesis of edema are nor clearly established.

Comparison of Cerebral Autoregulation Above and Below the Tentorium of the Cerebellum In Neurosurgical Patients with Transtentorial ICP Gradient.

Introduction: Cerebral autoregulation is an essential mechanism for maintaining cerebral blood flow stability. The phenomenon of transtentorial intracranial pressure (ICP) gradient after neurosurgical operations, complicated by edema and intracranial hypertension in the posterior fossa, has been described in clinical practice but is still underinvestigated. The aim of the study was to compare autoregulation coefficients (i.

Assessment of Optimal Arterial Pressure with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

In patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), simultaneous measurement of intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) allows monitoring of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the assessment of cerebral autoregulation (CA). CPP, a difference between ICP and ABP, is the pressure gradient that drives oxygen delivery to cerebral tissue. CA is the ability of cerebral vasculature to maintain stable blood flow despite changes in CPP and thus, is an important homeostatic mechanism.

[Periventricular changes following hydrocephalus: quantitative MR-based assessment of tissue characteristics].

Objective: To study tissue characteristics of periventricular white matter in patients with open hydrocephalus using DWI MRI and their correlations with CSF flow parameters.

Material And Methods: MRI was performed in 55 patients (35 women and 20 men) with open normal pressure hydrocephalus, as well as 16 patients with malignant occlusive hydrocephalus and interstitial edema (control group). We determined the correlations between severity of hydrocephalus, periventricular lesions and CSF flow parameters considering MR data.

[Invasive intracranial pressure monitoring in posterior cranial fossa after neurosurgery: an exclusive option or a necessity?].

Unlabelled: Posterior cranial fossa (PCF) surgery is associated with the risk of increased intracranial pressure ICP) under tentorium. The last one can lead to severe brainstem syndromes and postoperative complications. The currently recommended method for ICP control with a supratentorial parenchymal sensor or CSF pressure measurement through an external ventricular drainage is ineffective.

[Intravascular hypothermia for cerebral ischemia after microsurgical clipping of complex MCA aneurysms].

Unlabelled: Hypothermia for neuroprotection and correction of intracranial hypertension was described in both experimental and clinical studies. Effectiveness of hypothermia for improvement of functional outcomes in neurosurgical patients is still unclear despite the previous randomized trials. In available national and foreign literature, we found no trials devoted to hypothermia in patients with ischemia after surgical treatment of complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

[Early predictive biomarkers of posttraumatic epilepsy].

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects about 50 million people in the world every year. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant complication of TBI of any severity. PTE occurs in 20% of patients with TBI.

[Pupillometry as a method for monitoring of pupillary light reflex in ICU patients].

This review is devoted to the modern method of monitoring of pupil diameter and reactivity in patients with acute brain injury. The authors present complete data on diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of automated infrared pupillometry, which should take its rightful place in comprehensive assessment of functional brain state in ICU patients. In authors' opinion, clinical introduction of pupillometry will improve prediction of outcomes following acute brain injury and quality of neurological monitoring in patients with cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension.

Effects of Hyperthermia on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with an Acute Brain Injury.

Hyperthermia is a common detrimental condition in patients with an acute brain injury (ABI), which can worsen their prognosis and outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperthermia on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral autoregulation (CA).Eight patients with ABI were studied.

[Influence of cerebral hyperthermia on intracranial pressure and autoregulation of cerebral circulation in patients with acute brain injury].

Unlabelled: Background. Hyperthermia is a common symptom in ICU patients with brain injury.

Objective: To study the effect of hyperthermia on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral autoregulation (Prx).

[Clinical and MRI predictors of coma duration, intensive care and outcome of traumatic brain injury].

Objective: This research is aimed to study the clinical and MRI predictors of coma duration, the intensity of critical care, and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: The data from 309 patients with TBI of varying severity were included in the analysis, of whom 257 (86.7%) were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), including 196 (63.

[The prognostic value of mri-classification of traumatic brain lesions level and localization depending on neuroimaging timing].

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of traumatic brain lesion localization and levels in patients with a brain injury of various severity in a few days to three weeks after the injury.

Material And Methods: The cohort of 278 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity aged 8-74 y.o.

[Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in severe diffuse axonal brain injury: the role of neuroanatomical factors].

Unlabelled: Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (ACBF) is a system of mechanisms for maintaining stable adequate perfusion of the brain despite changes in systemic arterial pressure. In recent years, new data on the numerous metabolic and systemic mechanisms of cerebral blood flow regulation have been obtained, but the role of neurogenic regulation has not yet been fully understood and, therefore, not considered in clinical practice.

Aim: The study aim was to assess the effect of anatomical injuries to deep brain structures on the extent and duration of ACBF abnormalities in a model of severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI).

[Correlation of intracranial pressure and diameter of the sheath of the optic nerve by computed tomography in severe traumatic brain injury].

Background: Noninvasive techniques to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) are important for everyday practice in intensive care and neurosurgery departments. CT data can be used to evaluate the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and, indirectly, the ICP value. The ONSD value is an additional criterion in deciding on invasive monitoring of ICP.

[Use of the IntelliVent-ASV mode for maintaining the target EtCO2 range in patients with severe TBI].

Purpose: the study purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of the IntelliVent-ASV mode in maintaining the target range of PaCO2 in patients with severe TBI.

Material And Methods: The study included 12 severe TBI patients with the wakefulness level scored 4-9 (GCS). This was a crossover design study.

[BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AS A MARKER OF SEVERITY OF PATIENT'S CONDITION AFTER SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY].

The aim of the study was to assess the significance of NT-proBNP levels as a predictor of the severity of patients' condition after severe TBI and critical stress of the heart. In this prospective observational study 118 patients admitted on 1-4 day after severe TBI (GCS <8 points on admission) was supervised. The average age of patients was 32 +/- 16 years, 28 women and 90 men were in this group.

[SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF INTRAVENTRICULAR AND PARENCHYMAL INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMA BRAIN INJURY].

Introduction: "Standard" assessment of ICP by measuring liquor ventricular pressure recently questioned. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Compare the values of ventricular and parenchymal ICP against the closure of open liquor drainage and during active CSF drainage.

Materials And Methods: Examined 7 patients with TBI and intracranial hypertension syndrome, GCS 5.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. Part 2. Intensive care and neuromonitoring.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability in young and middle-aged people. The most problematic group is comprised of patients with severe TBI who are in a coma. The adequate diagnosis of primary brain injuries and timely prevention and treatment of the secondary injury mechanisms largely define the possibility of reducing mortality and severe disabling consequences.

[SEPTIC SHOCK IN PATIENT WITH SEVERE HEAD TRAUMA].

The clinical observation illustrates the role of screening of inflammatory markers and advanced hemodynamic monitoring in optimization of the treatment of the patient with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). The level of consciousness by the Glasgow Coma Scale at admission was 5 points. From the first day of stay the patient suffered hyperthermia to 39,0° C° The diagnosis of the aspiration pneumonia was determined by radiological signs, bronchoscopy and inflammatory blood markers, C-reactive protein, leukocytosis.

Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. Part 1. Neurotrauma system and neuroimaging.

Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in young and middle-aged individuals. The patients with severe traumatic brain injury who are in coma are the most difficult to deal with. Appropriate diagnosis of the primary brain injuries and early prevention and treatment of secondary damage mechanisms largely determine the possibility of reducing mortality and severe disabling consequences.

Prх-monitoring based decision-making about decompressive craniectomy in a patient with severe traumatic brain injury. A case report.

The presented case illustrates a new approach to making a decision about decompressive craniectomy in the patient with sever traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension. The approach is based on continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation using Prx-monitoring in addition to monitoring of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Prx-monitoring enables timely detection of autoregulation failure and provides the opportunity to make a decision about decompressive craniectomy before starting such aggressive methods of intensive care as hypothermia or barbiturate coma.

Postsurgical meningitis complicated by severe refractory intracranial hypertension with limited treatment options: the role of mild therapeutic hypothermia.

Intracranial hypertension is a commonly encountered neurocritical care problem. If first-tier therapy is ineffective, second-tier therapy must be initiated. In many cases, the full arsenal of established treatment options is available.