Prioritizing Global Public Health Investments for COVID-19 Response in Real Time: Results from a Delphi Exercise.

In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a lack of guidance on how to channel the unprecedented amount of health financing toward the pandemic response. We employed a multistep, interactive Delphi process to reach consensus on a "menu" of priority COVID-19 response interventions. In all, 27 health security experts-representing national governments, bilateral and multilateral organizations, academia, technical agencies, and nongovernmental organizations-participated in the exercise.

Asking the right question: implementation research to accelerate national non-communicable disease responses.

Non-communicable disease programmes can be strengthened by systematically identifying implementation challenges and translating them into questions that can be answered through appropriate research, say

Barriers to tuberculosis care delivery among miners and their families in South Africa: an ethnographic study.

Setting: South African miners suffer the highest tuberculosis (TB) rates in the world. Current efforts to stem the epidemic are insufficient. Historical legacies and persistent disease burden demand innovative approaches to reshape health care delivery to better serve this population.

Evaluation of a community-based organization's intervention to reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: The study objectives were to determine whether a community-based organization's intensive counseling intervention would reduce sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition among high-risk STD clinic patients and to determine whether a low-cost trial could be conducted in a community-based setting with passive follow-up.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to routine counseling or intensive counseling consisting of three 1-hour sessions. We reviewed clinic records to determine 1-year cumulative incidence of STD.

Cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: a case-control study of post-outbreak transmission.

During March-April 1993, an estimated 403000 residents of the 5-county greater Milwaukee, Wisconsin area developed cryptosporidiosis after drinking contaminated municipal water. Although the number of cases dropped precipitously after the implicated water plant closed on 9 April, cases continued to occur. To investigate risk factors for post-outbreak cryptosporidiosis, 33 Milwaukee-area residents who had laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infection with onset of diarrhoea between 1 May and 27 June 1993 were interviewed by telephone.

Trends in the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases among HIV-positive patients at STD clinics, Miami 1988-1992.

Background And Objectives: To assess trends in the acquisition of new sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at STD clinics.

Study Design: Cohorts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons were compared using computerized records from Miami STD clinics for 1988-1992. Persons were assigned to cohorts according to their first positive or first negative HIV test results.