Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015-2016.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Methods: We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40-93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015-2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C.

Relationship between periodontitis and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Tromsø Study.

Background: Few large-scale studies have investigated the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk estimated by risk assessment models; moreover, this association remains unexplored in never-smokers. We aimed to examine the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk in a Norwegian general population, with a focus on never-smokers and the impact of sex and age.

Methods: The present study included 2623 participants from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, 2015-2016), aged 45-74 years, and without previous myocardial infarction or stroke.

Temporomandibular disorders in an adult population in northern Norway: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in an adult population in Troms County in Northern Norway, as well as the associations between TMD and socio-demographic factors, dental status, self-reported general, and oral health as well as oral health related quality of life (OHQoL).

Methods: Data were collected from a structured questionnaire and a clinical examination of a random sample of almost 2000 adults, 20-79-year-old, in Troms County in Northern Norway.

Results: Women had a higher prevalence of all self-reported and clinical signs of pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular complex compared to men.

Periodontal health in an indigenous Sámi population in Northern Norway: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of the study was to describe prevalence, severity and distribution of periodontal disease as well as associated risk factors in an indigenous Sámi population in Northern Norway, and to investigate differences between the indigenous Sámi and the non-Sámi population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the Dental Health in the North study (N = 2078; 18-75 years). Data on Ethnicity, household income, education, smoking habits, dental attendance, and tooth brushing habits were collected by a questionnaire.

To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site-specific analyses in a population-based study.

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site-specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition.

Methods: Data from a representative sample of 1911 adults (20-79 years old) in Northern Norway were analyzed. Periodontal examinations consisted of full-mouth recordings of periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of supragingival plaque.

Oral health in the indigenous Sámi population in Norway - the dental health in the North study.

This study aims at presenting the feasibility of using the public oral health clinics in indigenous Sámi communities, as arena for a comprehensive data collection for population-based epidemiological oral health research among adults (age, 18-75 years) in a multi-ethnic setting. The study design was cross-sectional. The data collection was incorporated into the clinical procedure at six public dental clinics situated in the Administrative Area for the Sámi Language in Finnmark County, Northern Norway, during 2013-2014.

The frequency of enamel and dentin caries lesions among elderly Norwegians.

To describe the distribution of enamel-, dentin-, root- and secondary caries within an elderly population in Northern-Norway. A study population ( 1 173) was divided into age groups: 65-69 (seniors), 70-74 (young elderly), 75-79 (elderly) and 80-94 (old elderly). Seven examiners registered presence, location and severity of caries lesions on x-rays and intra-oral photos.

Is caries equally distributed in adults? A population-based cross-sectional study in Norway - the TOHNN-study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence and distribution of dental caries in an adult population and identify factors associated with being caries free.

Material And Methods: Data were collected from a randomized population sample in Northern Norway (N = 1932; 988 women; mean age 47.0 years, SD 15.

Periodontitis Prevalence and Severity in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Norwegian Circumpolar Communities.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence, severity, and extent of periodontitis in the adult population of circumpolar communities in Norway using data from the Tromstannen-Oral Health in Northern Norway study.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, data were collected from a randomized population sample (aged 20 to 79 years) in Northern Norway. Periodontal conditions were assessed for 1,911 dentate adults with a full-mouth periodontal examination.

Methods and background characteristics of the TOHNN study: a population-based study of oral health conditions in northern Norway.

Objectives: The aim of the Tromstannen-Oral Health in Northern Norway (TOHNN) study was to investigate oral health and dental-related diseases in an adult population. This article provides an overview of the background of the study and a description of the sample characteristics and methods employed in data collection.

Study Design: Cross-sectional population-based study including a questionnaire and clinical dental examination.

Cost-effectiveness of an individually tailored oral health educational programme based on cognitive behavioural strategies in non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Aim: The aim of this cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), performed from a societal perspective, was to compare costs and consequences of an individually tailored oral health educational programme (ITOHEP) based on cognitive behavioural strategies integrated in non-surgical periodontal treatment compared with a standard treatment programme (ST).

Material And Methods: A randomized (n = 113), evaluator-blinded, controlled trial, with two different active treatments, was analysed with respect to their costs and consequences 12 months after non-surgical treatment. Costs referred to both treatment costs and costs contributed by the patient.

Factors influencing oral hygiene behaviour and gingival outcomes 3 and 12 months after initial periodontal treatment: an exploratory test of an extended Theory of Reasoned Action.

Aim: The aim was to empirically test the extended Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the prospective direct and indirect role of attitudes, beliefs, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and a cognitive behavioural intervention in adult's oral hygiene behaviour and gingival outcomes at 3- and 12-month follow-up.

Materials And Methods: Data were derived from an RCT evaluating the effectiveness of oral hygiene educational programs integrated in non-surgical periodontal treatment (n = 113). Before baseline examination, participants completed a self-report questionnaire.

Evaluation of an individually tailored oral health educational programme on periodontal health.

Aim: To evaluate an individually tailored oral health educational programme (ITOHEP) on periodontal health compared with a standard oral health educational programme. A further aim was to evaluate whether both interventions had a clinically significant effect on non-surgical periodontal treatment at 12-month follow-up.

Material And Method: A randomized, evaluator-blinded, controlled trial with 113 subjects (60 females and 53 males) randomly allocated into two different active treatments was used.

The effectiveness of an individually tailored oral health educational programme on oral hygiene behaviour in patients with periodontal disease: a blinded randomized-controlled clinical trial (one-year follow-up).

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an individually tailored oral health educational programme for oral hygiene self-care in patients with chronic periodontitis compared with the standard treatment.

Material And Method: A randomized, evaluator-blinded, controlled trial with two different active treatments were used with 113 subjects (60 females and 53 males) randomly allocated to an experimental or a control group. The individually tailored oral health educational programme was based on cognitive behavioural principles and the individual tailoring for each participant was based on participants' thoughts, intermediate, and long-term goals, and oral health status.

An individually tailored treatment programme for improved oral hygiene: introduction of a new course of action in health education for patients with periodontitis.

Objectives: To describe and evaluate an individually tailored treatment programme based on a behavioural medicine approach to oral hygiene self-care for patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Two experimental single-case studies with multiple-baseline design across different self-administered oral hygiene behaviours were conducted. Cognitive Behavioural techniques were used to organize the strategies for the intervention and the approach to counselling was inspired by and structured in accordance with Motivational Interviewing.

Caries-preventive effectiveness of a fluoride varnish: a randomized controlled trial in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of topical fluoride varnish applications on white spot lesion (WSL) formation in adolescents during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. The study design was a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial with two parallel arms. The subjects were 273 consecutive 12- to 15-year-old children referred for maxillary treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.

The value of caries preventive care among 19-year olds using the contingent valuation method within a cost-benefit approach.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore adolescents with high and no caries experience and their preferences for caries preventive dental care. Their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for preventive dental care was elicited using the contingent valuation method (CVM) within a cost-benefit approach.

Methods: Eighty-two individuals (19-year olds) agreed to participate in an exploratory case-control study.

A pilot study of the use of oral health-related quality of life measures as an outcome for analysing the impact of caries disease among Swedish 19-year-olds.

Objectives: To be useful as a supplement for health economic evaluations in caries preventive care, the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) measures must be able to discriminate for caries disease. The aim of this study was therefore to explore whether any differences existed in perceived OHRQOL among adolescents with either high or no caries experience.

Methods: Eighty-two individuals (all 19-year-olds) agreed to participate in a pilot exploratory case-control study.

Improved compliance and self-care in patients with periodontitis--a randomized control trial.

Unlabelled: The present study was a randomized control trial to test an intervention emanating from the Client Self-care Commitment Model (CSCCM), to encourage patients to increase their responsibility for their oral self-care.

Materials And Methods: A total of 75 individuals were re-examined 1-2 years after their initial therapy at the Department of Periodontology, Uppsala County Council, Sweden. Patients who exhibited insufficient compliance, 37 individuals, were included in a randomized single-blind control trial to test an intervention based on the CSCCM.

Cost-effectiveness of different caries preventive measures in a high-risk population of Swedish adolescents.

A total of 3373 12-year-olds agreed to participate in an intervention study evaluating different caries preventive measures. The study, titled 'Evaluation of caries preventive measures', was performed between 1995 and 1999 at 26 dental health clinics throughout Sweden. At the start of the study, the subjects were classified as individuals at high or low risk of developing caries.

Methods of evaluating dental care costs in the Swedish public dental health care sector.

Twenty-six Swedish dental health care clinics participating in the intervention study "Evaluation of caries preventive measures" have been analysed with focus on costs, with the aim of demonstrating techniques suitable for evaluating direct dental care costs and also finding out whether charges are acceptable as a proxy for real costs. Three different approaches to calculating unit costs are discussed: average treatment time cost and two methods of different allocation of overhead cost. Average treatment time cost shows treatment time cost regardless of who (dentist, dental hygienist or nurse) provides the dental care.

Costs for prevention of dental caries in a group of Swedish teenagers.

The aim of this study was to analyse the costs for 4 years of prevention of dental caries in 92 Swedish adolescents. Using records, the total time allocated to prevention between 1987 and 1991 was calculated. Costs for prevention was assessed from the total cost for dental service at the clinic.