Prezygotic barriers effectively limit hybridization in a rapid evolutionary radiation.

Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary process across the tree of life. In many clades, phylogenomic approaches have permitted unparalleled insight into the extent and frequency of hybridization. However, we continue to lack a deep understanding of the factors that limit and shape patterns of hybridization, especially in evolutionary radiations.

Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification ( Asteraceae).

Elucidating how species accumulate in diversity hotspots is an ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. The páramo, in the Northern Andes, has remarkably high indices of plant diversity, endemicity, and diversification rates. A hypothesis for explaining such indices is that allopatric speciation is high in the páramo given its island-like distribution.

[The Pan American Health Organization's Revolving Fund for access to vaccines: 43 years responding to the regional immunization programO Fundo Rotativo para Acesso a Vacinas da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde: 43 anos respondendo ao Programa Regional de Imunizações].

The Pan American Health Organization's Revolving Fund for Access to Vaccines (the Revolving Fund) is a shared pool of funds for the procurement of vaccines, syringes, and cold-chain equipment for the Member States of the Organization. With a view to evaluating the results obtained during the Revolving Fund's operation and analyzing its contributions to achievements in immunization, a review was conducted of historical documents and grey literature related to the Fund's history and current processes, as well as data from platforms fed by countries' annual reports, with reference to growth indicators, burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, introduction of new vaccines in the Region of the Americas, and lessons learned. In its 43 years of operation, the Revolving Fund has grown and contributed to the introduction of new vaccines, and the Region has made rapid progress in the field of immunization.

Genome assemblies and comparison of two Neotropical spiral gingers: Costus pulverulentus and C. lasius.

The spiral gingers (Costus L.) are a pantropical genus of herbaceous perennial monocots; the Neotropical clade of Costus radiated rapidly in the past few million years into over 60 species. The Neotropical spiral gingers have a rich history of evolutionary and ecological research that can motivate and inform modern genetic investigations.

Enhanced Performance of Zn/Br Flow Battery Using -Methyl--Propylmorpholinium Bromide as Complexing Agent.

Redox flow batteries (RFB) are one of the most interesting technologies in the field of energy storage, since they allow the decoupling of power and capacity. Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFB) are a type of hybrid RFB, as the capacity depends on the effective area of the negative electrode (anode), on which metallic zinc is deposited during the charging process. Gaseous bromine is generated at the positive electrode (cathode) during the charging process, so the use of bromine complexing agents (BCA) is very important.

Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species.

Admixture is a mechanism by which species of long-lived plants may acquire novel alleles. However, the potential role of admixture in the origin and maintenance of tropical plant diversity is unclear. We ask whether admixture occurs in an ecologically important clade of Eschweilera (Parvifolia clade, Lecythidaceae), which includes some of the most widespread and abundant tree species in Amazonian forests.

Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus).

High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains.

A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid and rapid radiation in the history of Ericales.

Premise: Large genomic data sets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant species relationships. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, especially when clades have experienced ancient, rapid diversification. Here, we analyzed the ancient radiation of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty related to species tree inference, conflicting gene tree signal, and the inferred placement of gene and genome duplications.

Characterizing gene tree conflict in plastome-inferred phylogenies.

Evolutionary relationships among plants have been inferred primarily using chloroplast data. To date, no study has comprehensively examined the plastome for gene tree conflict. Using a broad sampling of angiosperm plastomes, we characterize gene tree conflict among plastid genes at various time scales and explore correlates to conflict (e.

Target sequence capture in the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae): Marker selection and in silico capture from genome skimming data.

Reconstructing species trees from multi-loci datasets is becoming a standard practice in phylogenetics. Nevertheless, access to high-throughput sequencing may be costly, especially with studies of many samples. The potential high cost makes a priori assessments desirable in order to make informed decisions about sequencing.

Complete plastome sequences from and 23 related species yield informative markers for Lecythidaceae.

Premise Of The Study: The tropical tree family Lecythidaceae has enormous ecological and economic importance in the Amazon basin. Lecythidaceae species can be difficult to identify without molecular data, however, and phylogenetic relationships within and among the most diverse genera are poorly resolved.

Methods: To develop informative genetic markers for Lecythidaceae, we used genome skimming to de novo assemble the full plastome of the Brazil nut tree () and 23 other Lecythidaceae species.

Treatment of extraarticular knee extension contracture secondary to prolonged external fixation by a modified Judet quadricepsplasty technique.

Unlabelled: The goal of this study is to evaluate the functional results of the modified Judet quadricepsplasty for a knee extension contracture secondary to prolonged external fixation. This is a retrospective study of 31 patients with the diagnosis of an extraarticular knee extension contracture who had prolonged external fixation of the femur. Functional assessment was conducted after a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions of morphological traits are not discordant when taking uncertainty into consideration: a comment on Puttick .

Puttick (2017 , 20162290 (doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.

Conflicting phylogenomic signals reveal a pattern of reticulate evolution in a recent high-Andean diversification (Asteraceae: Astereae: Diplostephium).

High-throughput sequencing is helping biologists to overcome the difficulties of inferring the phylogenies of recently diverged taxa. The present study analyzes the phylogenetic signal of genomic regions with different inheritance patterns using genome skimming and ddRAD-seq in a species-rich Andean genus (Diplostephium) and its allies. We analyzed the complete nuclear ribosomal cistron, the complete chloroplast genome, a partial mitochondrial genome, and a nuclear-ddRAD matrix separately with phylogenetic methods.

Progesterone vs. synthetic progestins and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Use of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT)-containing estrogen and a synthetic progestin is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. It is unclear if progesterone in combination with estrogen carries a lower risk of breast cancer. Limited data suggest differences between progesterone and progestins on cardiovascular risk factors, including cholesterol and glucose metabolism.

Contribution to the understanding of capacity fading in graphene nanosheets acting as an anode in full Li-ion batteries.

Graphene nanosheets (GNS) were used as anodes in full Li-ion cells and LiFePO4 (LFPO) was used as the cathode. A rapid decrease in capacity was observed following the first cycle, the origin of which was assigned to Li consumption in the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formation. A reduction of the irreversible capacity from 120 to a value as low as 20 mAh g(-1), similar to a commercial graphite anode, was possible through a prelithiation treatment prior to cell assembling.

Electrochemical performance of a graphene nanosheets anode in a high voltage lithium-ion cell.

We demonstrate the feasibility of a lithium ion battery (LIB) using graphene nanosheets (GNS) as the anode in combination with a LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 (LNMO) high voltage, spinel-structure cathode.

Kinetic chains: a review of the concept and its clinical applications.

During the past decade, our understanding of biomechanics and its importance in rehabilitation has advanced significantly. The kinetic chain, a concept borrowed from engineering, has helped us better understand the underlying physiology of human movement. This understanding, in turn, has facilitated the development of new and more rational rehabilitation strategies.