A supergene controls facultative diapause in the crop pest Helicoverpa armigera.

Many insect species, including the economically important pest Helicoverpa armigera, avoid unfavorable conditions by suspending development. This form of phenotypic plasticity-facultative diapause-is a complex trait, though its evolution and intricate genetic architecture remain poorly understood. To investigate how such a polygenic trait could be locally adapted, we explore its genetic architecture.

Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessment Using the Sequence Method with Delayed Signals in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

Impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is partially responsible for erratic blood pressure fluctuations in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD), which is related to autonomic nervous dysfunction. The sequence method with delayed signals allows for the measurement of BRS in a non-invasive fashion and the investigation of alterations in this physiological feedback system that maintains BP within healthy limits. Our objective was to evaluate the modified delayed signals in the sequence method for BRS assessment in ESRD patients without pharmacological antihypertensive treatment and compare them with those of healthy subjects.

Association of the Heart Rate Variability Response to Active Standing with the Severity of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Novel Insights of a Neurocardiovascular Pathology.

The aim of this work was to obtain insights of the participation of the autonomic nervous system in different stages of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Studying subjects with no valve impairments and CAVD patients, we also sought to quantify the independent contribution or explanatory capacity of the aortic valve echocardiographic parameters involved in the HRV changes caused by active standing using hierarchical partitioning models to consider other variables or potential confounders. We detected smaller adjustments of the cardiac autonomic response at active standing caused specifically by the aortic valve deterioration.

Correlation between Angiotensin Serum Levels and Very-Low-Frequency Spectral Power of Heart Rate Variability during Hemodialysis.

Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms that fail to compensate for ultrafiltration and cause hypovolemia during hemodialysis (HD) are not completely understood. This includes the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the biochemistry that regulates blood pressure and modulates cardiac activity and vascular tone in response to hypovolemia in patients treated with HD. The objective was to evaluate the association of spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) with serum levels of angiotensin II, angiotensin 1-7, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity during HD.

Cardiac Autonomic Response to Active Standing in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Aortic stenosis is a progressive heart valve disorder characterized by calcification of the leaflets. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis has been proposed for assessing the heart response to autonomic activity, which is documented to be altered in different cardiac diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate changes of HRV in patients with aortic stenosis by an active standing challenge.

Dynamical interaction between heart rate and blood pressure of end-stage renal disease patients evaluated by cross recurrence plot diagonal analysis.

The assessment of spontaneous variability of blood pressure and heart rate is based on specific physiological hypotheses about dynamic features, for example, the baroreflex modulation of heart rate over time in daily life. Usually, arterial baroreflex control of heart rate is explored without delays between blood pressure and heart rate data points, within a narrow range of values, excluding the analysis of saturation regions or low-threshold changes. In this work, we examine the dynamic interactions between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and interbeat interval (IBI), in 15-min length time series and for the first time using the analysis of diagonals derived from a cross-recurrence plots in healthy persons and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Development and multi-cohort validation of a clinical score for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aims: Many countries lack resources to identify patients at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We aimed to develop and validate a diabetes risk score based on easily accessible clinical data.

Methods: Prospective study including 5277 participants (55.

Analysis of diagonals in cross recurrence plots between heart rate and systolic blood pressure during supine position and active standing in healthy adults.

The inter beat interval (IBI) duration and systolic blood pressure (SBP) are cardiovascular variables related through several feedback mechanisms. We propose the analysis of diagonal lines in cross recurrence plots (CRPs) from IBI and SBP embedded within the same phase space to identify events where trajectories of both variables concur. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between IBI and SBP of healthy subjects using CRP and diagonal analysis during baseline condition-supine position (SP)-and how the relationship changes during the physiological stress of active standing (AS).

Multifractal Analysis Reveals Decreased Non-linearity and Stronger Anticorrelations in Heart Period Fluctuations of Fibromyalgia Patients.

To characterize the multifractal behavior of the beat to beat heart-period or RR fluctuations in fibromyalgia patients (FM) in comparison with healthy-matched subjects. Multifractral detrended fluctuation analysis (MDFA) was used to study multifractality in heartbeat times-series from 30 female healthy subjects and 30 female patients with fibromyalgia during day and night periods.The multifractal changes as derived from the magnitude and sign analysis of these RR fluctuations were also assessed.

Indicators of accumulated fat are stronger associated with prehypertension compared with indicators of circulating fat: A cross-sectional study.

Recently, prehypertension has been considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease because it can progress to hypertension. The association between obesity and dyslipidemia with raised blood pressure has been reported in some studies; however, the ability of indicators of such conditions to predict prehypertension has been scarcely explored. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the ability of indicators of accumulated and circulating fat to discriminate between prehypertensive and normotensive Mexico City residents (n = 1377).

Sign and magnitude scaling properties of heart rate variability in patients with end-stage renal failure: Are these properties useful to identify pathophysiological adaptations?

The scaling properties of heart rate variability data are reliable dynamical features to predict mortality and for the assessment of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this manuscript was to determine if the scaling properties, as provided by the sign and magnitude analysis, can be used to differentiate between pathological changes and those adaptations basically introduced by modifications of the mean heart rate in distinct manoeuvres (active standing or hemodialysis treatment, HD), as well as clinical conditions (end stage renal disease, ESRD). We found that in response to active standing, the short-term scaling index (α) increased in healthy subjects and in ESRD patients only after HD.

Effects of Orthostatism and Hemodialysis on Mean Heart Period and Fractal Heart Rate Properties of Chronic Renal Failure Patients.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the short-term fractal index (α ) of heart rate variability (HRV) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients by identifying the effects of orthostatism and hemodialysis (HD), and by evaluating the correlation between α and the mean RR interval from sinus beats (meanNN). HRV time series were derived from ECG data of 19 CRF patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects obtained at supine and orthostatic positions (lasting 5 min each). Data from CRF patients were collected before and after HD.

Hemodynamic Response to Hemodialysis With Ultrafiltration Rate Profiles Either Gradually Decreasing or Gradually Increasing.

Hemodialysis (HD) is usually performed with the gradually decreasing ultrafiltration rate (UFR) profile (dUFR). The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic response to HD with the dUFR to that of HD with the gradually increasing UFR profile (iUFR). The study population included 10 patients (three women, mean age: 28 ± 8 years) undergoing maintenance HD who had reached dry weight without taking antihypertensive medications.

Cardiac Autonomic Response to Active Standing in Adults With Vasovagal Syncope.

Purpose: Little is known about the autonomic response to active standing in vasovagal syncope, and most works have focused on children or adolescents. The aim of this work was to study the changes in cardiac autonomic modulation in adult patients with vasovagal syncope through heart rate variability analysis with linear and short-term complexity (alpha-1) indexes during supine position and active standing, in patients with positive or negative head-up tilt test (HUTT).

Methods: Twenty-five patients with vasovagal syncope were included.

Preserved autonomic heart rate modulation in chronic renal failure patients in response to hemodialysis and orthostatism.

Background: The aim of this work was to measure the impact of active orthostatism and hemodialysis (HD) upon heart rate variability (HRV) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients before and after HD.

Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects (age 27 ± 8 years old, 13 were female) and 19 unmedicated CRF patients with HD thrice per week (average HD vintage = 12 months, age 32 ± 9 years old, 11 were female) were included. Five-minute length HRV time series were obtained during supine position and orthostatism.

Baroreflex sensitivity estimation by the sequence method with delayed signals.

Objective: To evaluate a modified sequence method with delayed time series for baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) estimation during supine position and orthostatism in healthy human beings.

Methods: Nineteen clinically healthy volunteers (12 men, age 28.4 ± 6.

Relation of the baroreflex mechanism with the photoplethysmographic volume in healthy humans during orthostatism.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the baroreflex mechanism upon peripheral blood volume during sympathetic stimulation by orthostatism.

Methods: Nineteen clinically healthy volunteers were included (12 men), 28.4 ± 6.

Nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability in response to orthostatism and hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients: recurrence analysis approach.

We studied the response of heart rate variability to hemodialysis and orthostatism using traditional linear indexes and 9 recurrence quantification analysis indexes to reveal changes in the heart rate dynamics. Twenty healthy subjects and 19 chronic renal failure patients treated with hemodialysis thrice a week were included. Five-minute heart rate variability time series were obtained during supine position (clinostatism) and orthostatism from each participant; recordings in renal patients were repeated after hemodialysis.

Visual three-dimensional representation of beat-to-beat electrocardiogram traces during hemodiafiltration.

This study evaluated the usefulness of the three-dimensional representation of electrocardiogram traces (3DECG) to reveal acute and gradual changes during a full session of hemodiafiltration (HDF) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Fifteen ESRD patients were included (six men, nine women, age 46 ± 19 years old). Serum electrolytes, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured before and after HDF.

Effect of glycine on the cyclooxygenase pathway of the kidney arachidonic acid metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.

The kidneys are organs that can be severely impaired by metabolic syndrome (MS). This is characterized by the association of various pathologies such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes. Glycine, a nonessential amino acid, is known to possess various protective effects in the kidney, such as a decrease in the deterioration of renal function and a reduction of the damage caused by hypoxia.

Nocturnal heart rate variability parameters as potential fibromyalgia biomarker: correlation with symptoms severity.

Introduction: At present, there is neither a laboratory test nor an imaging technique able to differentiate people with fibromyalgia (FM) from healthy controls. This lack of an objective biomarker has hampered FM recognition and research. Heart rate variability (HRV) analyses provide a quantitative marker of autonomic nervous system activity.

The effect of L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: To evaluate the effect of the amino acids L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in stable diastolic and right heart failure using photoplethysmography.

Methods: Thirty patients from the Heart Failure Clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" underwent photoplethysmography using the hyperemia technique. Index finger flow was assessed at baseline and after ischemia every 30 s by maximum amplitude time (MAT), total time of the curve (TT) and the index of the two (MAT/TT < 30 = normal) before and after the administration of L-arginine (8 g/day in two doses, n = 15) or citrulline (3 g/day in one dose, n = 15) for 60 days in addition to optimal pharmacological treatment.

[Neural control of the peripheral circulation and blood pressure].

In the XIX century Claude Bernard discovered the action of the nervous system on the peripheral circulation. In the first half of the XX century Ewald Hering discovered the baro-receptor and the reflex control of the heart rate and blood pressure. Cowley and Guyton demonstrated that sino-aortic denervation induces persistent changes in the blood pressure in the dog.