Ten simple rules for good model-sharing practices.

Computational models are complex scientific constructs that have become essential for us to better understand the world. Many models are valuable for peers within and beyond disciplinary boundaries. However, there are no widely agreed-upon standards for sharing models.

Resolving the contrasting leaf hydraulic adaptation of C and C grasses.

Grasses are exceptionally productive, yet their hydraulic adaptation is paradoxical. Among C grasses, a high photosynthetic rate (A) may depend on higher vein density (D) and hydraulic conductance (K). However, the higher D of C grasses suggests a hydraulic surplus, given their reduced need for high K resulting from lower stomatal conductance (g).

Patient-Derived Xenografts of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Enable Deconvolution and Prediction of Chemotherapy Responses.

Combination chemotherapy remains essential for clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Consequently, responses to individual agents cannot be easily delineated at the single patient level, even though some patients might not require all drugs in the combination. Herein, we conduct multi-omic analyses of orthotopic TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) treated with single agent carboplatin, docetaxel, or the combination.

The State of the Art of Image Guided Superficial Radiation Therapy Treatment of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Outpatient Dermatology Clinics in the United States and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Image guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) is a novel technology which combines traditional superficial radiation therapy (SRT) with high resolution dermal ultrasound (HRDUS) to treat non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Since development, IGSRT use has expanded dramatically in outpatient clinics. We review the IGSRT literature and state-of-the-art operating principles in US dermatologic practices.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies and genetic maps reveal heterochiasmy and macrosynteny in endangered Atlantic Acropora.

Background: Over their evolutionary history, corals have adapted to sea level rise and increasing ocean temperatures, however, it is unclear how quickly they may respond to rapid change. Genome structure and genetic diversity contained within may highlight their adaptive potential.

Results: We present chromosome-scale genome assemblies and linkage maps of the critically endangered Atlantic acroporids, Acropora palmata and A.

Evaluation of waning of IgG antibody responses after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola virus disease vaccines: a modelling study from the PREVAC randomized trial.

rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo are WHO-prequalified vaccination regimens against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Challenges associated with measuring long-term clinical protection warrant the evaluation of immune response kinetics after vaccination.

Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor EDI048 is a gut-restricted parasiticidal agent to treat paediatric enteric cryptosporidiosis.

Diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young and malnourished children from low- and middle-income countries, with no vaccine or effective treatment. Here we describe the discovery of EDI048, a Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor, designed to be active at the infection site in the gastrointestinal tract and undergo rapid metabolism in the liver. By using mutational analysis and crystal structure, we show that EDI048 binds to highly conserved amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site.

Clinical decision support systems for maternity care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) is increasing throughout healthcare and may be able to improve safety and outcomes in maternity care, but maternity care has key differences to other disciplines that complicate the use of CDSS. We aimed to identify evaluated CDSS and synthesise evidence of their impact on maternity care.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review for articles published before 24th May 2024 that described i) CDSS that ii) investigated the impact of their use iii) in maternity settings.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: A comprehensive systematic review and analysis of therapeutic benefits, cortical targets, and psychopathophysiological mechanisms.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe non-invasive treatment technique. We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) applying TMS in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to analyse its therapeutic benefits and explore the relationship between cortical target and psychopathophysiology. We included 47 randomised controlled trials (35 for OCD) and found a 22.

Imlunestrant, an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader, as Monotherapy and in Combination With Targeted Therapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase Ia/Ib EMBER Study.

Purpose: Imlunestrant is a next-generation oral selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader designed to deliver continuous ER target inhibition, including in mutant breast cancer. This phase Ia/b trial determined the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of imlunestrant, as monotherapy and in combination with targeted therapy, in ER-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) and endometrial endometrioid cancer. The ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) ABC experience is reported here.

Tiny silver bullets: silver nanoparticles are insecticidal to Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midge larvae.

Insecticide formulations with safer environmental profiles and limited off-target effects are desirable to manage medical and veterinary pests. Silver nanoparticles are insecticidal against mosquitos, nonbiting midges, and other insects. The biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones, is a vector of agriculturally important pathogens in much of the United States, and this study aimed to examine the insecticidal properties of silver nanoparticles in larvae of this species.

T and Z, partial seed coat patterning genes in common bean, provide insight into the structure and protein interactions of a plant MBW complex.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites associated with plant seed coat and flower color. These compounds provide health benefits to humans as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. The expression of the late biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid pathway is controlled by a ternary MBW protein complex consisting of interfacing MYB, beta-helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 Repeat (WDR) proteins.

Origin of the Laurentian Great Lakes fish fauna through upward adaptive radiation cascade prior to the Last Glacial Maximum.

The evolutionary histories of adaptive radiations can be marked by dramatic demographic fluctuations. However, the demographic histories of ecologically-linked co-diversifying lineages remain understudied. The Laurentian Great Lakes provide a unique system of two such radiations that are dispersed across depth gradients with a predator-prey relationship.

Effects of intra-articular anesthesia of the tarsometatarsal joint on skin sensation of the distal limb in horses.

Objective: To determine with mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) testing whether distal limb skin sensation is affected by intra-articular anesthesia of the tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ).

Animals And Procedure: This was a prospective cohort study. Ten client-owned horses that had intra-articular TMTJ anesthesia were included in the study.

Home Visiting and Child Welfare Involvement: A Matched Comparison Group Study.

The present study is one of the largest quasi-experimental studies to date on the effects of home visiting on documented child maltreatment during a child's first two years of life. In this matched comparison group study, we compare 8796 families that participated in a home visiting program (HV families) to 8796 similar non-participating families (non-HV families) selected from birth records using Coarsened Exact Matching. Using sequential logistic regression, we identify that HV families have significantly higher odds of experiencing a child maltreatment investigation by their child's second birthday compared to non-HV families; however, among those that were investigated, HV families have significantly lower odds of having their first investigation substantiated for maltreatment.

Stomatal dynamics in Alloteropsis semialata arise from the evolving interplay between photosynthetic physiology, stomatal size and biochemistry.

C plants are expected to have faster stomatal movements than C species because they tend to have smaller guard cells. However, little is known about how the evolution of C photosynthesis influences stomatal dynamics in relation to guard cell size and environmental factors. We studied photosynthetically diverse populations of the grass Alloteropsis semialata, showing that the origin of C photosynthesis in this species was associated with a shortening of stomatal guard and subsidiary cells.

Identifying genomic regions associated with C photosynthetic activity and leaf anatomy in Alloteropsis semialata.

C photosynthesis is a complex trait requiring multiple developmental and metabolic alterations. Despite this complexity, it has independently evolved over 60 times. However, our understanding of the transition to C is complicated by the fact that variation in photosynthetic type is usually segregated between species that diverged a long time ago.

Glycosylated Polyhydroxyproline Is a Potent Antifreeze Molecule.

Molecules that inhibit the growth of ice crystals are highly desirable for applications in building materials, foods, and agriculture. Antifreezes are particularly essential in biomedicine for tissue banking, yet molecules currently in use have known toxic effects. Antifreeze glycoproteins have evolved naturally in polar fish species living in subzero climates, but practical issues with collection and purification have limited their commercial use.

AI-Generated Draft Replies Integrated Into Health Records and Physicians' Electronic Communication.

Importance: Timely tests are warranted to assess the association between generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) use and physicians' work efforts.

Objective: To investigate the association between GenAI-drafted replies for patient messages and physician time spent on answering messages and the length of replies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized waiting list quality improvement (QI) study from June to August 2023 in an academic health system.